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The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan

The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan is a novel published in 1905, the second work in the Ku Klux Klan trilogy by Thomas Dixon Jr. (the others are The Leopard's Spots and The Traitor). Chronicling the American Civil War and Reconstruction era from a pro-Confederate perspective, it presents the Ku Klux Klan heroically. The novel was adapted first by the author as a highly successful play entitled The Clansman (1905), and a decade later by D. W. Griffith in the 1915 movie The Birth of a Nation.[1]

"The Clansman" redirects here. For other uses, see Clansman.

Authors

English

1905

Dixon wrote The Clansman in support of racial segregation, as it showed free blacks turning savage and violent, committing crimes such as murder, rape, and robbery far out of proportion to their percentage of the population. He claimed that 18,000,000 Southerners supported his beliefs.[2] Dixon portrays the Radical Republican speaker of the house, Austin Stoneman (based on Thaddeus Stevens, from Pennsylvania), as a rapacious, vindictive, race traitor, mad with power and eaten up with hate. His goal is to punish the Southern whites for their revolution against an "oppressive" government (the Union) by turning the former slaves against the white Southerners and using the iron fist of the Union occupation troops to make them the new masters. In Dixon's characterization, the Klan's job is to protect white Southerners from the carpetbaggers and their allies, black and white.


The book and its stage and film adaptations were highly controversial in their time, and continue to receive criticism for their espousal of racist and Neo-Confederate sentiments. In addition to concerns that The Clansman would stir up political and racial tensions in the South, Dixon's portrayal of the Klan as chivalrous freedom fighters was ridiculed as absurd.[3]

Austin Stoneman – Northern political leader who advocates and implements Reconstruction in the conquered ; introduces bill to impeach President Andrew Johnson

Southern States

Elsie Stoneman – daughter of the above; defies father's wishes by falling in love with young Southern patriot Ben Cameron

Phil Stoneman – son and brother of the above; falls in love with Southerner Margaret Cameron

Lydia Brown – Austin Stoneman's housekeeper

mulatto

Silas Lynch – mulatto assistant to Austin Stoneman; aids him in forcing Reconstruction on the defiant Southerners

Marion Lenoir – Fifteen-year-old white girl who was Ben Cameron's childhood sweetheart; after being brutally raped by Gus, she commits suicide by jumping off a cliff

Jeannie Lenoir – mother of the above; joins her daughter in fatal cliff leap

Gus – a former slave of the Camerons; rapes Marion and is then captured and executed by the Ku Klux Klan, under the supervision of the "" Ben Cameron

Grand Dragon

Dr. Richard Cameron – a Southern doctor, falsely charged with in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

complicity

Mrs. Gloria Cameron – wife of Dr. Richard Cameron

Benjamin ("Ben") Cameron – son of the above and the hero of the novel; falls in love with Northerner Elsie Stoneman; fought for the South in the Civil War and later joins the Ku Klux Klan in order to resist Northern occupation forces

Margaret Cameron – sister of the above

Mammy

Jake

President – portrayed as a sympathetic character who sought to restore normalcy by shipping former slaves back to Africa

Abraham Lincoln

President – Lincoln's successor, who was impeached (but not convicted) in Congress for opposing Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

Rebirth of the Klan[edit]

Thomas Dixon's novel did not have the immediate effect of causing the recreation of the Ku Klux Klan. Neither did the subsequent play. The release of the movie The Birth of a Nation in 1915 finally let Dixon's work reach an audience large enough to start the resurrection of the Klan.


One of the images most commonly associated with the Klan, that of a burning Latin cross, was actually taken from The Clansman, but was not used by the original Klan. Dixon, who had Scottish ancestry, drew upon the Scottish tradition of the Crann Tara, a burning cross used to call clan members to arms, as inspiration for the depiction of cross burning.[31] The Klan's white robes are also an invention of Dixon, and he protested their appropriation of the "livery" he created.[5]

An autograph manuscript is held by the .

Free Library of Philadelphia

Corrected galley proofs are held by the .

Indiana University Library

A mimeographed 1909 typescript of the play is held by the , University of Pennsylvania.

Van Pelt Library

A 131-page printed version of the play, dated 1905, is held by the

Cortland Free Library

Dixon, Thomas Jr (January 1906). . The Theatre. Vol. 6, no. 59. pp. 20–22. (Reprinted in Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film, volume 34, number 2, 2007, pages 139–142. doi:10.7227/NCTF.34.2.6. (subscription required).)

"Why I Wrote The Clansman"

Media related to The Clansman (novel) at Wikimedia Commons

The full text of The Clansman at Wikisource

Full text with illustrations

at Google Books

The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan

public domain audiobook at LibriVox

The Clansman