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Midlands

The Midlands is the central part of England, bordered by Wales, Northern England, Southern England and the North Sea. The Midlands correspond broadly to the early-medieval kingdom of Mercia, and later became important in the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. They are now split into two official regions, the West Midlands and East Midlands. The Midlands' biggest city, Birmingham, is the second-largest in the United Kingdom. Other important cities include Coventry, Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham, Stoke-on-Trent, Wolverhampton, and Worcester.

For other uses, see Midlands (disambiguation).

The Midlands

28,627 km2 (11,053 sq mi)

703.6 m (2,308 ft)

10,831,000

380/km2 (980/sq mi)

Midlander, Mercian

Extent[edit]

There is no single definition for the Midlands. If defined as being made up of the statistical regions of East Midlands and West Midlands,[5] it includes the counties of Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Leicestershire, most of Lincolnshire (with the exception of North and North East Lincolnshire), Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and the West Midlands metropolitan boroughs.


Other definitions include a slightly larger area and the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, describes Gloucestershire as "West Midland", Bedfordshire as "South Midland", and Huntingdonshire as "East Midland" counties respectively. Cheshire is also occasionally recognised as being in the Midlands, while a lot of what was historically part of southern Mercia (Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, and Cambridgeshire) is often labelled as "Central England", typically used interchangeably with "the Midlands".


Additionally, there are two informal regions known as the South Midlands and North Midlands, which are not NUTS statistical regions of the United Kingdom and their definition varies by using organisation. The former includes the southern parts of the East Midlands and northern parts of Southern England.[6] The latter covers the northern parts of the West and East Midlands, along with some southern parts of Northern England.[7][8][9]

Birmingham

Derbyshire

founded in Birmingham and now part of HSBC

Midland Bank

Midland Metro, now called

West Midlands Metro

Midlands Engine, a regeneration programme of the UK government

a railway from London through the East Midlands to Sheffield

Midland Main Line

The "midland" name has been used for:

Subdivisions of England

East Midlands category

West Midlands category

Allen, R.C. Enclosure and the Yeoman: the Agricultural Development of the South Midlands 1450-1850 (Oxford UP, 1992)

Beckett, John V. The East Midlands from AD 1000 (Addison-Wesley Longman, 1988).

Bennett, Michael J. "Sir Gawain and the green knight and the literary achievement of the north-west Midlands: the historical background." Journal of Medieval History 5.1 (1979): 63–88.

Betteridge, Alan. Deep Roots, Living Branches: A History of Baptists in the English Western Midlands (Troubador Publishing Ltd, 2010).

Dewindt, Edwin Brezett, and Edwin Brezette DeWindt. Land and people in Holywell-cum-Needingworth: structures of tenure and patterns of social organization in an East Midlands village, 1252-1457 (PIMS, 1972).

Donnelly, Tom, Jason Begley, and Clive Collis. "The West Midlands automotive industry: the road downhill." Business History 59.1 (2017): 56-74 .

online

Finberg, H.P.R. The early charters of the West Midlands (Leicester University Press, 1972).

Gelling, Margaret. The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester UP, 1992).

Hilton, R. H. A Medieval Society: The West Midlands at the End of the Thirteenth Century (1987)

online review

Jones, Peter M. Industrial Enlightenment: Science, technology and culture in Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1820 (2017) .

online

Laughton, Jane, Evan Jones, and Christopher Dyer. "The urban hierarchy in the later Middle Ages: a study of the East Midlands." Urban history (2001): 331–357.

McWhirr, A. L. A. N. The Early Military History of the Roman East Midlands (1970) .

online

Money, John. "Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760-1793: Politics and Regional Identity in the English Provinces in the Later Eighteenth Century." Midland History 1.1 (1971): 1–19.

Money, John. Experience and Identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760-1800 (Manchester University Press, 1977).

Rowlands, Marie B. The West Midlands from AD 1000 (3 vol, Longman, 1987).

Somerset, Alan. "New Historicism: Old History Writ Large? Carnival, Festivity and Popular Culture in the West Midlands." Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England 5 (1991): 245–255.

online

Stafford, Pauline. The East Midlands in the Early Middle Ages ( Leicester University, 1985).

Stobart, Jon. "Regions, Localities, and Industrialisation: Evidence from the East Midlands Circa 1780–1840." Environment and Planning A 33.7 (2001): 1305–1325.

Tompkins, Matthew. Peasant society in a midlands manor, Great Horwood 1400-1600 (PhD Diss. U of Leicester, 2006) .

online

Townsend, Claire. "County versus region? Migrational connections in the East Midlands, 1700–1830." Journal of Historical Geography 32.2 (2006): 291–312.