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Tory

A Tory (/ˈtɔːri/) is an individual who supports a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalist conservatism which upholds the established social order as it has evolved through the history of Great Britain. The Tory ethos has been summed up with the phrase "God, King (or Queen), and Country".[1] Tories are monarchists, were historically of a high church Anglican religious heritage, and were opposed to the liberalism of the Whig party.[2][3]

This article is about politics in Canada and the United Kingdom. For other uses, see Tory (disambiguation).

The philosophy originates from the Cavaliers, a royalist faction which supported the House of Stuart during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The Tories, a British political party which emerged during the late 17th century, was a reaction to the Whig-controlled Parliaments that succeeded the Cavalier Parliament.[4] As a political term, Tory was a term derived from the Irish language, that was first used in English politics during the Exclusion Crisis of 1678–1681.


It also has exponents in other parts of the former British Empire, such as the Loyalists of British America, who opposed secession during the American War of Independence. Loyalists who fled to the Canadas at the end of the conflict, known as the United Empire Loyalists, formed the support base for political cliques in Upper and Lower Canada. Toryism remains prominent in the politics of Canada and the United Kingdom. The British Conservative Party and Conservative Party of Canada, and their supporters, continue to be referred to as Tories. Adherents to traditional Toryism in contemporary times are referred to as High Tories, who typically defend the ideas of hierarchy, natural order, and aristocracy.

– Conservative Party (UK) faction

Cornerstone Group

– history and commentary magazine founded in Canada

The Dorchester Review

– political quarterly founded in the United Kingdom

The Salisbury Review

Tory socialism

Tory Party (disambiguation)

W. Christian and C. Campbell (eds), Parties, Leaders and Ideologies in Canada

J. Farthing, Freedom Wears a Crown

G. Grant,

Lament for a Nation: The Defeat of Canadian Nationalism

G. Horowitz, "Conservatism, Liberalism and Socialism in Canada: An Interpretation", CJEPS (1966)

Joyce, P. W. (2018). The Origin and History of Irish Names of Places. Creative Media.  9781377939018.

ISBN

University of Tulsa; Order of the Continental Congress, Philadelphia, 2 January 1776

Tory Act

Marxists.org (Karl Marx in the New York Tribune, 1852)

The Elections in England—Tories and Whigs