Bono

Born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, he attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School where in 1976 he began dating his future wife, Alison Stewart, as well as forming, with schoolmates, the band that became U2.^[2][3] Bono soon established himself as a passionate frontman for the band through his expressive vocal style and grandiose gestures and songwriting. His lyrics frequently include social and political themes, and religious imagery inspired by his Christian beliefs.^[4][5] During U2's early years, Bono's lyrics contributed to the group's rebellious and spiritual tone.^[4] As the band matured, his lyrics became inspired more by personal experiences shared with the other members.^[2][4] As a member of U2, Bono has received 22 Grammy Awards and has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.


Aside from his music, Bono is an activist for social justice causes, both through U2 and as an individual. He is particularly active in campaigning to fight extreme poverty and HIV/AIDS in Africa, for which he co-founded DATA, EDUN, the ONE Campaign, and Product Red.^[2][6] In pursuit of these causes, he has participated in benefit concerts and lobbied politicians and heads of state for relief.^[6][7][8] Bono has been honoured for his philanthropic efforts.^[9][10][11] In 2005, Bono was named one of the Time Persons of the Year. He was granted an honorary knighthood by Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 2007 for "his services to the music industry and for his humanitarian work", and was made a Commandeur of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) in 2013.^[9][12][13] Bono has also attracted criticism for bypassing African businesses in his activist efforts and for tax avoidance in his personal finances.^[14][15]


Outside the band, he has recorded with numerous artists.^[16][17][18] He has collaborated with U2 bandmate the Edge on several projects, including: songs for Roy Orbison, Tina Turner, and Martin Garrix; and the soundtracks to the musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark and a London stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. In business, he invested in the refurbishment of the Clarence Hotel in Dublin, and was managing director and a managing partner of the private equity firm Elevation Partners, which invested in several companies.^[19][20][21]

Early life

Paul David Hewson was born in the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin on 10 May 1960,^[22] the second child of Iris (née Rankin) and Brendan Robert "Bob" Hewson, then living in Stillorgan on Dublin's Southside.^[23]: 16 His brother, Norman, is eight years older than him. Bono's family moved to a new house on Cedarwood Road, between the Northside suburbs of Finglas^[24][25] and Ballymun^{: 16 [26]} when he was six weeks old, and he grew up there.^{[23]: 16- [a]}


The Hewson brothers grew up in an interdenominational Christian household; their mother was a member of the Church of Ireland, and their father was a Roman Catholic.^[27][2] Both parents initially agreed that the first child would be raised Anglican and the second Catholic.^[23]: 15 Although Bono was the second child, he also attended Church of Ireland services with his mother and brother,^[23] while his father also sometimes brought him to Mass at the nearby Catholic church, St Canice's.^[28] In 2000, Bono learned that Scott Rankin, a relative he thought to be his cousin, was actually his half-brother; Rankin was the offspring of an affair that Bob Hewson had with his wife's sister Barbara.^[29]


Bono attended a Protestant primary school, Glasnevin National School,^[30] rather than the local Catholic-managed primary school in Ballymun.^[26] His teenage musical idols were Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen, David Bowie and Marc Bolan of T. Rex.^[31] After attending St. Patrick's Cathedral Grammar School for a year, Bono moved to Mount Temple Comprehensive School, a multi-denominational school in Clontarf.^[32]


Bono's mother died on 10 September 1974, after developing a cerebral aneurysm at her father's funeral.^[2] Many U2 songs, including "I Will Follow", "Mofo", "Out of Control", "Lemon" and "Tomorrow", focus on the loss of his mother.^[2][33][34] He said "because of the way I grew up in Finglas -- sleeping on a couch, or because my mother died when I was a kid, I was in the house on my own a lot of the time, so I'd knock on the door of the Hanveys at teatime, or the Rowens at lunchtime."^[35]


During his childhood and adolescence, Bono and his friends were part of a surrealist street gang called "Lypton Village". Two of his closest childhood friends, the artist Guggi and the musician Gavin Friday, lived on the same street; Guggi was also in Lypton Village. The gang had a ritual of giving nicknames. Bono had several names: first, he was known as "Steinhegvanhuysenolegbangbangbang",^[36] then just "Huyseman", followed by "Houseman", "Bon Murray", "Bono Vox of O'Connell Street", and finally just "Bono".^[2] "Bono Vox" is a modified form of Bonavox, which is the name of a hearing aid shop just off Dublin's principal street, O'Connell Street.^[28][37] The name derives from the Latin phrase for "good voice". The nickname was given by Guggi; Bono initially disliked it but after learning of its translation, he accepted it. Hewson has been known as "Bono" since the age of 14 or 15.^[28] In addition to it being his stage name, close family, friends and fellow band members also refer to him as Bono.^[2]


After Bono left school, his father told him he could live at home for one year, but if he was not able to pay his own way, he would have to leave the house.^[38]