Amarinder Singh
Amarinder Singh (born 11 March 1942),[1] is an Indian politician, military historian, former royal and Indian Army veteran who served as the 15th Chief Minister of Punjab.[2] His father was the last Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala.[3] Before starting his political career, Singh was an officer in the Indian Army, served in the Indian Army from 1963 to 1966.[4]
For other people named Amrinder Singh, see Amrinder Singh (disambiguation).
Captain (Retd.)Amarinder Singh
J. F. R. Jacob
O. P. Verma
Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (additional charge)
Sunith Francis Rodrigues
Rajinder Kaur Bhattal (from 6 January 2004)
Surjit Singh Kohli
Patiala Town
Hardial Singh Rajla
Jagtar Singh Rajla
Avtar Singh
11 March 1942
Patiala, Patiala State, Punjab States Agency, British India
(present-day Punjab, India)
2, including Raninder Singh
India
1963–1966
17 June 1974–present
Sovereign monarchy
1947 (Instrument of Accession)
Titular monarchy
1971 (26th Amendment of the Indian Constitution)
In his long political career, Singh has served in numerous positions including as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in Punjab and as a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha.[5] He also served as the president of the Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee three times.[6] Singh served as the Chief Minister of Punjab from 2002 to 2007 and 2017 to 2021.[3] As of November 2022, Singh also serves as the chairman of the Punjab Urdu Academy.[7] On 19 September 2022 he merged his party Punjab Lok Congress, which he formed after leaving the Indian National Congress, with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and joined BJP on the same day.[8]
Early life and education
Singh was born on 11 March 1942 in Patiala, Patiala State, Punjab Province, British India. He was born into a royal Punjabi Jat Sikh family of the Sidhu clan to parents Maharaja Sir Yadavindra Singh and Maharani Mohinder Kaur of Patiala. Singh's family belongs to the Phulkian dynasty.[9] He attended the Loreto Convent in Shimla, and Lawrence School in Kasauli, Solan District, before going to The Doon School in Dehradun.[9][10]
Army career
Singh served in the Indian Army from June 1963 to December 1966 after graduating from the National Defence Academy and the Indian Military Academy.[11] He was commissioned into the Sikh Regiment.[12] He served as the aide-de-camp to the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command, Lieutenant General Harbaksh Singh, from December 1964.[13] He left the army in early 1965 to look after his family but returned to service with the start of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War.[14]
His father and grandfather were also in army and many times he said that "Army will always be my first love".
Political career
Early career
Singh was inducted into the Indian National Congress (INC) by Rajiv Gandhi, his friend from school and who later became Prime Minister of India, and was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980. In 1984, he resigned from Parliament and from the INC as a protest against the Army's actions during Operation Blue Star.[3] Subsequently, he joined the Shiromani Akali Dal, was elected to the state legislature from Talwandi Sabo and became a minister in the Punjab state government for Agriculture, Forest, Development and Panchayats.
In 1992, Singh broke away from the Akali Dal and formed a splinter party, Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic).[3] His party later merged with the Congress in 1998, after a crushing defeat in the Vidhan Sabha election in which Singh was defeated from his own constituency, getting only 856 votes, and after Sonia Gandhi took over the reins of the party. He was defeated by Prem Singh Chandumajra from the Patiala Constituency in 1998 by a margin of 33,251 votes.
Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee and state politics
Singh's served as the President of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee (PPCC) on three occasions from 1999 to 2002, 2010 to 2013 and 2015 to 2017.[15] Singh's second term as the PPCC president was also noted for the influence wielded by his first cousin, Arvind Khanna, a member of the Khanna family and the son of Singh's paternal aunt Naginder Kumari Khanna.[9][16] Arvind Khanna used his wealth to fund Singh's political activities and took control of his office and the PPCC's political strategy.[9][17]
Singh has been a member of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha for five terms representing Patiala (Urban) thrice, Samana and Talwandi Sabo once each.[18]
Chief Minister of Punjab, First term
He became Chief Minister of Punjab in 2002 and continued until 2007.[19]
Punjab Opposition
In September 2008, a special committee of Punjab Vidhan Sabha, during the tenure of a government led by Akali Dal-Bharatiya Janata Party, expelled him on the count of regularities in the transfer of land related to the Amritsar Improvement Trust.[20] In 2010, the Supreme Court of India held his expulsion unconstitutional on the grounds that it was excessive and unconstitutional.[20]
Member of Parliament
He defeated senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader Arun Jaitley by a margin of 102,770 votes in 2014 general elections from Amritsar seat.[21]
On 27 November 2015, Amarinder Singh was appointed President of Punjab Congress in the run up to Punjab elections slated for 2017.[22]
Books
He has also written books on war and Sikh history which include A Ridge Too Far, Lest We Forget, The Last Sunset: Rise and Fall of Lahore Durbar and The Sikhs in Britain: 150 years of Photographs. Among his most recent works are Honour and Fidelity: India's Military Contribution to the Great War 1914 to 1918 released in Chandigarh on 6 December 2014, and The Monsoon War: Young Officers Reminisce – 1965 India-Pakistan War- which contains his memoirs of the 1965 Indo-Pak war.[35][36]
Awards and recognition
The author Khushwant Singh released a biographic book titled, Captain Amarinder Singh: The People's Maharaja in 2017.[37]
Personal life
Singh has one son, Raninder Singh, and one daughter, Jai Inder Kaur.[9] His wife, Preneet Kaur, served as an Member of Parliament and was Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs from 2009 to 2012.[38]
His elder sister Heminder Kaur is married to former Foreign Minister K. Natwar Singh.[39] He is also related to Shiromani Akali Dal (A) leader and former Indian Police Service officer Simranjit Singh Mann. Mann's wife and Amarinder Singh's wife, Preneet Kaur, are sisters.[40]