Katana VentraIP

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan,[a] officially the Kyrgyz Republic,[b][12] is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the capital and largest city of the country. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east and southeast.[13][14][15] Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's 7 million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians.[16]

"Kirghizia" redirects here. For the former Soviet republic, see Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.

Kyrgyz Republic
  • Кыргыз Республикасы (Kyrgyz)
  • Кыргызская Республика (Russian)

Kyrgyz
Kyrgyzstani[4]

14 October 1924

11 February 1926

5 December 1936

30 December 1990

31 August 1991

26 December 1991

11 April 2021

200,105[6] km2 (77,261 sq mi) (85th)

7,198 km2 (2,779 sq mi)

3.6

7,161,900[7] (112th[7])

35.8/km2 (92.7/sq mi) (109th)

2024 estimate

Increase $48.054 billion[8] (129th)

Increase $6,790[9] (139th)

2024 estimate

Increase $13.599 billion (140th)

Increase $1,922[9] (152nd)

Negative increase 29.0[10]
low

Increase 0.701[11]
high (117th)

UTC+6 (KGT)

dd/mm/yyyy

right

Kyrgyzstan's history spans a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road along with other commercial routes. Inhabited by a succession of tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under larger domination, for example the Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states. It was first established as the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate. Later, in the 13th century, Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Mongols; it regained independence, but was later invaded by the Dzungar Khanate. After the fall of Dzhungars, Kyrgyz and Kipchaks were an integral part of Kokand Khanate. In 1876, Kyrgyzstan became part of the Russian Empire, and in 1936, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic was formed to become a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. Following Mikhail Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR, in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president. On 31 August 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from the USSR and a democratic government was established. Kyrgyzstan attained sovereignty as a nation state after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.


After independence, Kyrgyzstan was officially a unitary presidential republic; after the Tulip Revolution it became a unitary parliamentary republic, although it gradually developed an executive president and was governed as a semi-presidential republic before reverting to a presidential system in 2021. Throughout its existence, the country has continued to endure ethnic conflicts,[17][18] revolts,[19] economic troubles,[20][21] transitional governments[22] and political conflict.[23]


Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Organisation of Turkic States, the Türksoy community and the United Nations. It is a developing country ranked 118th in the Human Development Index, and is the second poorest country in Central Asia after neighbouring Tajikistan. The country's transitional economy is heavily dependent on deposits of gold, coal and uranium.

, an epic poem; the plot revolves around a series of events that coincide with the history of the region in the 9th century, primarily the interaction of the Kyrgyz people with other Turkic and Chinese people.

Manas

, a three-stringed lute

Komuz

, large, elaborately embroidered wall hangings

Tush kyiz

and Ala-kiyiz carpets, manufactured by the process of felting, used for yurts. Inscribed in 2012 on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.[159][160]

Shyrdak

Other , especially made from felt

textiles

, "bride kidnapping", traditional form of marriage in Kyrgyzstan

Ala kachuu

Falconry

Various

dances

near Bishkek is the main international airport, with services to Moscow, Tashkent, Almaty, Ürümqi, Istanbul, Baku, and Dubai.

Manas International Airport

is the main air terminal in the south of the country, with daily connections to Bishkek, and services to Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Almaty and more international places.

Osh Airport

is linked to Bishkek by daily flights. The national flag carrier, Kyrgyzstan, operates flights on BAe-146 aircraft. During the summer months, a weekly flight links Jalal-Abad with the Issyk-Kul Region.

Jalal-Abad Airport

Other facilities built during the Soviet era are either closed down, used only occasionally or restricted to military use (e.g., near Bishkek, which is used by the Russian Air Force).

Kant Air Base

Outline of Kyrgyzstan

Index of Kyrgyzstan-related articles

Chinghiz Aitmatov

official site

President of Kyrgyzstan

official site

Government of Kyrgyzstan

official site

Parliament of Kyrgyzstan

Laws of the Kyrgyz Republic