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Tanzania

Tanzania,[c] officially the United Republic of Tanzania,[d] is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. According to the 2022 national census, Tanzania has a population of nearly 62 million,[11] making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator.[12]

This article is about the country in East Africa. For other uses, see Tanzania (disambiguation).

United Republic of Tanzania
Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania (Swahili)

Unitary socialist[3] dominant-party presidential republic

9 December 1961

10 December 1963

26 April 1964

25 April 1977

947,303 km2 (365,756 sq mi) (30th)

6.4[4]

Increase 61,741,120[5]

65.2/km2 (168.9/sq mi) (147th)

2023 estimate

Increase $227.725 billion[6] (72nd)

Increase $3,595[6] (157th)

2023 estimate

Increase $84.033 billion[6] (76th)

Increase $1,326[6] (164th)

Negative increase 40.5[7]
medium

Decrease 0.532[8]
low (167th)

dd/mm/yyyy

Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. In the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia;[13] Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago;[13] and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago.[13]: page 18  These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas.[13][14] In the late 19th century, the mainland came under German rule as German East Africa, and this was followed by British rule after World War I when it was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.[15] Tanganyika joined the British Commonwealth and Tanzania remains a member of the Commonwealth as a unified republic.[16]


Today the country is a presidential constitutional republic with the federal capital located in Government City, Dodoma;[17] the former capital, Dar es Salaam, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre.[15][18][19] Tanzania is a de facto one-party state with the democratic socialist Chama Cha Mapinduzi party in power. The country has not experienced major internal strife since independence and is seen as one of the safest and most politically stable on the continent.[20] Tanzania's population comprises about 120 ethnic,[21] linguistic, and religious groups. Christianity is the largest religion in Tanzania, with substantial Muslim and Animist minorities.[22] Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa;[23] the country does not have a de jure official language,[24][25] although the national language is Swahili.[26] English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education,[23][27] while Arabic is spoken in Zanzibar.


Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa and the highest single free-standing mountain above sea level in the world, is located. Three of Africa's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the south lies Lake Malawi. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. The Kalambo Falls, located on the Kalambo River at the Zambian border, is the second-highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa.[28] Tanzania is one of the most visited tourist destinations for safaris.[29]

Etymology[edit]

The name Tanzania was created as a clipped compound of the names of the two states that unified to create the country: Tanganyika and Zanzibar.[30] It consists of the first three letters of the names of the two states ("Tan" and "Zan") and the suffix "-ia."


The name Tanganyika is derived from the Swahili words tanga "sail" and nyika "uninhabited plain, wilderness", creating the phrase "sail in the wilderness". It is sometimes understood as a reference to Lake Tanganyika.[31]


The name of Zanzibar derives from Zanj, the name of a local people (said to mean "black"), and Arabic barr "coast" or "shore."[32]

Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation

Outline of Tanzania

COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO. 3.0. Text taken from UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030​, UNESCO.

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Official website

Wikimedia Atlas of Tanzania

Geographic data related to at OpenStreetMap

Tanzania

at Curlie

Tanzania

published as Open data by the National Bureau of Statistics (archived 15 July 2019)

Basic Statistics of Tanzania