Benin
Benin (/bɛˈniːn/ ⓘ ben-EEN, /bɪˈniːn/ bin-EEN;[9] French: Bénin [benɛ̃] ⓘ, Fon: Benɛ, Fula: Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (French: République du Bénin), and also known as Dahomey[10], is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its population lives on the southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean.[11] The capital is Porto-Novo, and the seat of government is in Cotonou, the most populous city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 km2 (44,310 sq mi),[4] and its population in 2021 was estimated to be approximately 13 million.[12][13] It is a small, tropical country. It is one of the least developed, with an economy heavily dependent on agriculture, and is an exporter of palm oil and cotton. Some employment and income arise from subsistence agriculture.[14]
This article is about the country, the Republic of Benin. For the pre-colonial kingdom in Nigeria, see Kingdom of Benin. For the city in Nigeria, see Benin City. For other uses, see Benin (disambiguation).
Republic of BeninRépublique du Bénin (French)
- 52.2% Christianity
- 24.6% Islam
- 17.9% traditional faiths
- 5.2% no religion
- 0.1% other
- Beninese
11 December 1958
1 August 1960
0.4%
94.8/km2 (245.5/sq mi)
2023 estimate
2023 estimate
47.8[7]
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From the 17th to the 19th century, political entities in the area included the Kingdom of Dahomey, the city-state of Porto-Novo, and other states to the north. This region was referred to as the Slave Coast of West Africa from the early 17th century due to the high number of people who were sold and trafficked during the Atlantic slave trade to the New World. France took over the territory in 1894, incorporating it into French West Africa as French Dahomey. In 1960, Dahomey gained full independence from France. As a sovereign state, Benin has had democratic governments, military coups, and military governments. A self-described Marxist–Leninist state called the People's Republic of Benin existed between 1975 and 1990. In 1991, it was replaced by the multi-party Republic of Benin.[15]
The official language of Benin is French, with indigenous languages such as Fon, Bariba, Yoruba and Dendi also spoken. The largest religious group in Benin is Christianity (52.2%), followed by Islam (24.6%) and African Traditional Religions (17.9%).[3] Benin is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, the Community of Sahel–Saharan States, the African Petroleum Producers Association and the Niger Basin Authority.
Etymology[edit]
During French colonial rule and after independence on 1 August 1960, the country was named Dahomey, after the Kingdom of Dahomey. On 30 November 1975, following a Marxist–Leninist military coup, the country was renamed Benin, after the Bight of Benin, which borders the country.[16] The bight takes its name from the Kingdom of Benin, located in present-day Nigeria.
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6°28′N 2°36′E / 6.467°N 2.600°E