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Hainanese

Hainanese (Hainan Romanised: Hái-nâm-oe, Hainanese Pinyin: Hhai3 nam2 ue1, simplified Chinese: 海南话; traditional Chinese: 海南話; pinyin: Hǎinánhuà), also known as Qiongwen (simplified Chinese: 琼文; traditional Chinese: 瓊文) or Qiongyu (琼语; 瓊語),[6] is a group of Min Chinese varieties spoken in the far southern Chinese island province of Hainan and regional Overseas Chinese communities such as in Singapore and Thailand, particularly by the In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, being mutually unintelligible with other Southern Min varieties such as Hokkien–Taiwanese and Teochew.[7] In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup.[8] Hou Jingyi combined it with Leizhou Min, spoken on the neighboring mainland Leizhou Peninsula, in a Qiong–Lei group.[9] "Hainanese" is also used for the language of the Li people living in Hainan, but generally refers to Min varieties spoken in Hainan.

For the Hainanese people, see Hainan people. For the Kra-Dai languages, see Hlai languages and Be language.

Hainanese

[hai˨˩˧ nam˨˩ ue˨˧] (Haikou dialect)

China, Singapore, Thailand

Hainan

Hainanese

Around 5 million in China (2002)[1]

Chinese characters

Hainanese Pinyin

Hainan Romanized

(hnm is proposed[5])

hain1238

79-AAA-k

Etymological plain stops have undergone implosivization (*p > [ɓ], *t > [ɗ]) in the more innovative varieties such as Wenchang and Haikou.

Etymological aspirated stops have (*pʰ > [ɸ], *tʰ > [h], *tsʰ > [ɕ], *kʰ > [h~x]) in more innovative varieties.

spirantized

The of an historic *b into [v] in Banqiao and Haikou, though not in Wenchang.

lenition

Former *s has hardened into a stop (*s > [t]), although in the more conservative Banqiao dialect some instances have only undergone fortition to (*s > [θ]), and others have remained [s].

Former *h has become [ɦ] in Wenchang.

Hainanese culture

Hainanese people

Chang, Kuang-yu (1986). Comparative Min phonology (PhD thesis). University of California, Berkeley.

Chen, Hongmai (1996). Hǎikǒu fāngyán cídiǎn 海口方言詞典 [Haikou dialect dictionary]. . Vol. 16. Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press. ISBN 978-7-5343-2886-2.

Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects

Huang, Karen. . Annual Student Conference of the College of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature. University of Hawaii.

"Contact-induced changes in the languages of Hainan"

Kwok, Bit-chee (2006). "The role of language strata in language evolution: three Hainan Min dialects". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 34 (2): 201–291.  23754124.

JSTOR

. 2008. Hainanese articles.

Miyake, Marc

. 2008. Hainanese -om and -op.

Miyake, Marc

(1969). The Kienyang Dialect of Fukien (PhD thesis). University of California, Berkeley. includes a description of the phonology of the Ding'an dialect.

Norman, Jerry Lee

Solnit, David B. (1982). . Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 8: 219–230. doi:10.3765/bls.v8i0.2041.

"Linguistic Contact in Ancient South China: The Case of Hainan Chinese, Be, and Vietnamese"

Woon, Wee-Lee (1979a). "A synchronic phonology of Hainan dialect: Part I". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 7 (1): 65–100.  23753034. describes Wenchang dialect.

JSTOR

Woon, Wee-Lee (1979b). "A synchronic phonology of Hainan dialect: Part II". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 7 (2): 268–302.  23752923.

JSTOR

Yan, Margaret Mian (2006). Introduction to Chinese Dialectology. LINCOM Europa.  978-3-89586-629-6.

ISBN

Archived 2018-07-01 at the Wayback Machine

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