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Thailand

Thailand,[b] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939),[c] is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 70 million, it spans 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi). Thailand is bordered to the northwest by Myanmar, to the northeast and east by Laos, to the southeast by Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the southwest by the Andaman Sea; it also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the state capital and largest city.

"Siam" redirects here. For other uses, see Siam (disambiguation).

Kingdom of Thailand
  • ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai)
  • Ratcha-anachak Thai

1238–1448

1351–1767

1767–1782

6 April 1782

24 June 1932

6 April 2017

513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) (50th)

0.4 (2,230 km2)

Neutral increase 69,794,997[3] (20th)

64,785,909[4] (21st)

132.1/km2 (342.1/sq mi) (88th)

2024 estimate

Increase $1.644 trillion[5] (23rd)

Increase $23,401[5] (74th)

2024 estimate

Increase $548.890 billion[5] (26th)

Increase $7,812[5] (88th)

Negative increase 35.1[6]
medium

Increase 0.803[7]
very high (66th)

Thai baht (฿) (THB)

UTC+7 (ICT)

dd/mm/yyyy (BE)

Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 6th to 11th centuries. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire, and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na, and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, which became a regional power by the end of the 15th century. Ayutthaya reached its peak during the 18th century, until it was destroyed in the Burmese–Siamese War. King Taksin the Great quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782), of which he was the only king. He was succeeded in 1782 by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I), the first monarch of the current Chakri dynasty. Throughout the era of Western imperialism in Asia, Siam remained the only state in the region to avoid colonization by foreign powers, although it was often forced to make territorial, trade, and legal concessions in unequal treaties.[8] The Siamese system of government was centralised and transformed into a modern unitary absolute monarchy during the reign of Chulalongkorn (Rama V). In World War I, Siam sided with the Allies, a political decision made in order to amend the unequal treaties. Following a bloodless revolution in 1932, it became a constitutional monarchy and changed its official name to Thailand, becoming an ally of Japan in World War II. In the late 1950s, a military coup under Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat revived the monarchy's historically influential role in politics. During the Cold War, Thailand became a major ally of the United States and played an anti-communist role in the region as a member of the failed SEATO, but since 1975 it has sought to improve relations with Communist China and Thailand's neighbours.


Apart from a brief period of parliamentary democracy in the mid-1970s and 1990s, Thailand has periodically alternated between democracy and military rule. Since the 2000s, the country has been caught in continual bitter political conflict between supporters and opponents of Thaksin Shinawatra, which resulted in two coups (in 2006 and 2014), along with the establishment of its current constitution, a nominally democratic government after the 2019 Thai general election, and large pro-democracy protests in 2020–2021, which included unprecedented demands to reform the monarchy. Since 2019, it has been nominally a parliamentary constitutional monarchy; in practice, however, structural advantages in the constitution have ensured the military's continued influence in politics.[9]


Thailand is a middle power in global affairs and a founding member of ASEAN, and it ranks very high in the Human Development Index. It has the second-largest economy in Southeast Asia and the 23rd-largest in the world by PPP, and it ranks 91st by nominal GDP per capita. Thailand is classified as a newly industrialised economy, with manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism as leading sectors.[10][11]

The legislative branch: the is composed of the Senate, the 250-member fully appointed upper house, and House of Representatives, the elected 500-member lower house. The current constitution gives senators power to elect prime ministers along with the representatives until 2024. Its most recent election is the 2023 general election. The coalition led by Pheu Thai Party currently holds the majority.

National Assembly

The executive branch consisting of the , the head of government, and other cabinet members of up to 35 people. The Prime Minister was elected by the National Assembly. The current constitution mandates that prime ministers are to be considered from candidates nominated by political parties before the election. The current prime minister is Srettha Thavisin, a candidate from Pheu Thai, who was supported by the coalition which include the parties associated with the military, and 152 unelected senators.[130][131]

Prime Minister of Thailand

The is supposed to be independent of the executive and the legislative branches, although judicial rulings are suspected of being based on political considerations rather than on existing law.[132]

judiciary

International rankings of Thailand

Outline of Thailand

Chachavalpongpun, Pavin, ed. (2020). Routledge Handbook Of Contemporary Thailand. Routledge.  9781138558410. OCLC 1110657073.

ISBN

Cooper, Robert George (2008). Culture Shock! Thailand: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshall Cavendish Editions.  9789814828772. OCLC 1101343921.

ISBN

London, Ellen (2008). Thailand Condensed: 2000 Years of History & Culture. Marshall Cavendish Editions.  9789812615206.

ISBN

Lonely Planet's Best of Thailand. Lonely Planet guidebooks. Footscray, Vic.: Lonely Planet. 2020.  1312080896.

OCLC

Mishra, Patit Paban (2010). The History of Thailand. Greenwood.  548555562.

OCLC

Moore, Frank J., ed. (1974). Thailand: Its People, Its Society, Its Culture. HRAF Press.  722730.

OCLC

Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press.  9780300084757. OCLC 53392823.

ISBN

Zawacki, Benjamin (2021). Thailand: Shifting ground between the US and a rising China (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury.  1232148433.

OCLC

– Government of Thailand

Thaigov.go.th

(archived 10 December 2008)

Chief of State and Cabinet Members

– Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mfa.go.th

– National Electronics and Computer Technology Center

Thailand Internet information

(archived 28 April 2015)

Ministry of Culture

Government


General information


Travel


Other


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