Katana VentraIP

Somali people

The Somali people (Somali: Soomaalida, Osmanya: π’ˆπ’π’‘π’›π’π’˜π’†π’–, Wadaad: Ψ³ΩΩˆΩ…Ψ§Ω„ΩŠΨ―Ψ§ΩŽβ€Ž) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa[42][43] who share a common ancestry, culture and history. The Lowland East Cushitic Somali language is the shared mother tongue of ethnic Somalis, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, and they are predominantly Sunni Muslim.[44][45] Forming one of the largest ethnic groups on the continent, they cover one of the most expansive landmasses by a single ethnic group in Africa.[46]

This article is about the Somali ethnic group. For the general population of the Federal Republic of Somalia, see Demographics of Somalia. For other uses, see Somali (disambiguation).

Soomaalida
π’ˆπ’π’‘π’›π’π’˜π’†π’–
Ψ³ΩΩˆΩ…Ψ§Ω„ΩŠΨ―Ψ§ΩŽ

17,597,511 (2022)[2]

4,581,793 (2007)[3]

2,780,502 (2019)[4]

534,000 (2017)[5]

500,000 (2014)[6]

164,723 (2022)[7]

112,000 (2020)[8]

109,000 (2018)[9]

80,000[11]

66,369[12][13]

62,550[14]

60,000[15]

43,196[16]

41,515[17]

27,000–40,000[18]

39,737[19]

38,675[20]

34,000–67,500[21][22]

24,647[23]

22,709[24]

21,210[25]

18,401[26]

8,228[27]

7,101[28]

7,025[29]

5,518[30]

3,000–4,000[31][32]

3,000–4,000[31][32]

2,627[33]

2,604[34]

2,000–3,000[35]

2,500[36]

1,857[37][38]

1,617[39]

1,495[40]

According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its native inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. This ancient historical kingdom is where a great portion of their cultural traditions and ancestry are said to derive from.[47][48][49][50] Somalis share many historical and cultural traits with other Cushitic peoples, especially with Lowland East Cushitic people, specifically the Afar and the Saho.[51]


Ethnic Somalis are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 17.6 million),[52] Somaliland (5.7 million),[53] Ethiopia (4.6 million),[3] Kenya (2.8 million),[4] and Djibouti (534,000).[54] Somali diasporas are also found in parts of the Middle East, North America, Western Europe, African Great Lakes region, Southern Africa and Oceania.

– UK-based Somali singer, composer, writer and music producer.

Aar Maanta

– Prominent Somali artist and inventor of the Balwo musical style.

Abdi Sinimo

– Somali musician, poet and playwright known for his innovative styles of music, which included a wide variety of musical instruments such as the guitar, piano and oud.

Abdullahi Qarshe

– Somali musician from Djibouti; part of the Radio Hargeisa generation of Somali artists.

Ali Feiruz

– Somali band active during the 1980s and 1990s in Somalia, Djibouti and Ethiopia.

Dur-Dur

– popular male artist during the 1970s and 80s.

Hasan Adan Samatar

– popular Somali singer.

Hibo Nuura

– Somali-Italian actor and singer

Jonis Bashir

– popular Somali singer in the 1970s and 1980s.

Khadija Qalanjo

– award-winning Somali-Canadian hip hop artist.

K'naan

(2 May 1948 – 19 March 2004) – prominent Somali singer considered in Somalia as one of the greatest entertainers of all time.

Magool

(born 1950) – Somali musician, composer and vocalist whose work has been produced by the record label Real World.

Maryam Mursal

– Prominent Somali artist from the Radio Hargeisa generation.

Mohammed Mooge

– Somali-British punk rock singer; best known as being the lead singer of X Ray Spex.

Poly Styrene

– Somali singer-songwriter and modern Qaraami exponent.

Saado Ali Warsame

– Somalia's foremost musical group that toured through several countries in Northeast Africa and Asia, including Egypt, Sudan and China.

Waaberi

– Somali music collective. Organized the international Reconciliation Music Festival in 2013 in Mogadishu.

Waayaha Cusub

(1908–1940) – Early 20th century poet and pioneer in the genre of Somali love poems. He is popularly known by Somalis as the King of romance (Boqorki Jacaylka)[224]

Elmi Boodhari

- Literary scholar and discoverer of the Somali prosodic system

Abdillahi Diiriye Guled

– 19th century poet, military leader and sultan, many of the most well known geeraar (short styled poems recited on a horse) came from his tongue and are still known today.

Ali Bu'ul (Cali Bucul)

– songwriter, philosopher, and Somali Poet Laureate; also dubbed the Somali Shakespeare.

Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi'

– 20th century poet, playwright, broadcaster, actor and composer.

Hassan Sheikh Mumin

(born 1943) – Somali writer and winner of the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.

Nuruddin Farah

(1920–1973) – prominent Somali poet known for his nationalist poems such as Kana siib Kana Saar.

Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade

(born 1943) – Somali-Canadian poet, professor, and political activist.

Mohamud Siad Togane

– Somali novelist and playwright. Afrax has published several novels and short stories in Somali and Arabic, and has also written two plays, the first being Durbaan Been ah ("A Deceptive Drum"), which was staged in Somalia in 1979. His major contribution in the field of theatre criticism is Somali Drama: Historical and Critical Study (1987).

Maxamed Daahir Afrax

(1949–2012) – Somali poet, most notable for his famous poem Hagarlaawe.

Gaarriye

– Somali novelist. Winner of the 2010 Betty Trask Prize.

Nadifa Mohamed

(1917–1980) – was a Somali writer, scholar, linguist, historian and polymath

Musa Haji Ismail Galal

– Somali author best known for his historical fiction novels.

Farah Mohamed Jama Awl

– Somali writer and visual artist. Winner of the 2014 Polari First Book Prize.

Diriye Osman

– Somali professor and writer. Winner of the 2014 World Fantasy Award.

Sofia Samatar

Undersecretary General of the United Nations 1979–1990, Permanent Representative of Somalia to the United Nations 1965–1972.

Abdulrahim Abby Farah

Genetics

Uniparental lineages

According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa.[150][247][151] Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b (formerly E3b) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations.[247][248] Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the E-M78 subclade of E1b1b1a in about 70.6% of their Somali male samples.[150] According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya.[Note 1][151]


After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M184).[249] The clade is observed in more than 10% of Somali males generally,[150] with a peak frequency amongst the Somali Dir clan members in Djibouti (100%)[250] and Somalis in Dire Dawa (82.4%), a city with a majority Dir population.[251] Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among other populations of Northeast Africa, the Maghreb, the Near East and the Mediterranean.[252]


In Somalis, the Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated to be 4000–5000 years (2,500 BCE) for the haplogroup E-M78 cluster Ξ³ and 2100–2200 years (150 BCE) for Somali T-M184 bearers.[150]


Deep subclade E-Y18629 is commonly found in Somalis and has a formation date of 3,700 YBP (years before present) and a TMRCA of 3,300 YBP.[253]

Somalia

Somaliland

Afar people

Culture of Somalia

Demographics of Somalia

Greater Somalia

Hanley, Gerald, Warriors: Life and Death Among the Somalis, (Eland Publishing Ltd, 2004)

Ethnologue population estimates for Somali speakers

US Library of Congress Country Study of Somalia

Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). . EncyclopΓ¦dia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 378–384, see page 379. Inhabitants.β€”The Somali belong to the Eastern (Abyssinia) Hamitic family....

"Somaliland"