Ticket to Ride (song)
"Ticket to Ride" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written primarily by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. Issued as a single in April 1965, it became the Beatles' seventh consecutive number 1 hit in the United Kingdom and their third consecutive number 1 hit (and eighth in total) in the United States, and similarly topped national charts in Canada, Australia and Ireland. The song was included on their 1965 album Help! Recorded at EMI Studios in London in February that year, the track marked a progression in the Beatles' work through the incorporation of drone and harder-sounding instrumentation relative to their previous releases. Among music critics, Ian MacDonald describes the song as "psychologically deeper than anything the Beatles had recorded before" and "extraordinary for its time".[4]
"Ticket to Ride"
"Ticket to Ride" appears in a sequence in the Beatles' second feature film, Help!, directed by Richard Lester. Live performances by the band were included in the Beatles at Shea Stadium concert film, on the live album documenting their concerts at the Hollywood Bowl, and on the 1996 Anthology 2 box set. In 1969, "Ticket to Ride" was covered by The Carpenters, whose version peaked at number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Composition[edit]
"Ticket to Ride" was primarily written by John Lennon,[5][6][7][8] and credited to Lennon–McCartney.[9] In 1965, Lennon claimed that the song was "three-quarters mine and Paul [McCartney] changed it a bit. He said let's alter the tune."[10] However, speaking in 1980, Lennon said that McCartney's contribution was limited to "the way Ringo [Starr] played the drums" on the recording.[11] In his 1997 authorised biography, Paul McCartney contradicts this,[12] providing an account more similar to Lennon's 1965 assessment: "we sat down and wrote it together … give him 60 percent of it … we sat down together and worked on that for a full three-hour songwriting session."[13]
The song is written in the key of A major. The structure of the composition is in an expanded variation of the AABA pop song format, with eight bars of verse and eight bars of chorus forming the A section, and a nine-bar primary bridge forming the B section.[14] The sustained A chord over the verses creates an implied drone common in Indian music[15] and supports a melody that author Ian MacDonald terms "raga-like".[16]
The song's coda features a change of tempo.[17] In the view of musicologist Walter Everett, the latter section marks a progression on previous Beatles songs that similarly revisit aspects of a composition when ending with a coda. In the case of "Ticket to Ride", the section consists of a repeated refrain similar to the last line of the chorus ("My baby don't care"), played over a constant A major chord and set to the double-time rhythm used in the bridge.[18] Lennon said this closing section was one of his "favourite bits" in the song.[19] He also claimed that "Ticket to Ride" was the first heavy metal record ever made.[14] According to MacDonald, the track's heavy sound may have been influenced by Lennon and George Harrison's first encounter with LSD, the precise date for which varies among Beatles biographers.[20] Author Simon Philo calls the song "avant-garde masquerading as pop".[21]
While the lyrics describe a girl "riding out of the life of the narrator",[22] the inspiration of the title phrase is unclear,[6] as is the meaning of the song.[23][24] McCartney said the title referred to "a British Railways ticket to the town of Ryde on the Isle of Wight",[13] and Lennon said it described cards indicating a clean bill of health carried by Hamburg prostitutes in the 1960s.[22] The Beatles played in Hamburg early in their musical career, and a "ride" was British slang for having sex.[23] Gaby Whitehill and Andrew Trendall of Gigwise have interpreted the song to be about a woman leaving her boyfriend to become a prostitute.[25]
Release[edit]
In March 1965, the Beatles and their manager, Brian Epstein, selected "Ticket to Ride" and "Yes It Is" to be the A- and B-sides, respectively, of the group's first single release of the year.[37] The record was issued by EMI's Parlophone label on 9 April 1965 in the United Kingdom, and by Capitol Records on 19 April in the United States.[38] A contemporary news report stated that the Beatles were due to promote the single on television shows such as Top of the Pops and Thank Your Lucky Stars, and that the band were forming an independent production company with their producer, George Martin, which would earn them a more favourable financial return on their recordings.[39] A portion of the group's Top of the Pops performance of "Ticket to Ride" survived only because it was later used in the Doctor Who episode "The Executioners", which aired on BBC1 on 22 May. The episode was part of the serial The Chase and sees the Doctor using a time–space machine in the future to observe historical figures such as William Shakespeare, Abraham Lincoln and the Beatles.[40][nb 1] In addition to their television promotion, the group performed the song during their last session for BBC Radio, on 26 May,[37] which was broadcast as The Beatles (Invite You to Take a Ticket to Ride).[43][44]
"Ticket to Ride" topped Britain's official singles chart for three weeks.[45][46] It went straight in at number 1 on the national listings compiled by Melody Maker, where it also stayed for three weeks,[47] and similarly topped Ireland's singles chart in its first week of release there.[48] In America, the song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week.[45] According to Billboard's Hits of the World listings for 15 May 1965, "Ticket to Ride" was also the top-selling single in Australia.[49] The US single's face label stated that the A-side was from the forthcoming United Artists release Eight Arms to Hold You, which was the original title of the Beatles' second film,[50] directed by Richard Lester.[51] The title was changed to Help! after the single's release.[45] In the film, the song plays over a sequence during which the Beatles attempt to ski and frequently fall over.[50] The track appeared on the band's 1965 album Help!,[52] which was issued on 6 August in the UK and on 13 August in the US.[53]
"Ticket to Ride" was the seventh consecutive chart-topping single for the Beatles in the UK[6][54] and the first Beatles track released with a running time exceeding three minutes.[26] On the American charts, it was the third of six number 1 singles in a row,[6] a record at the time, along with "I Feel Fine", "Eight Days a Week", "Help!", "Yesterday" and "We Can Work It Out"[55] – all achieved in the space of twelve months from January 1965.[56] Everett writes that although the song achieved "classic" status, it was a surprise among Beatles singles in that it failed to achieve gold accreditation from the Recording Industry Association of America.[37][nb 2] When the song hit number 1 there, the Beatles became the fourth consecutive English group to hold down the top spot, after the Mancunian groups Freddie and the Dreamers, Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders, and Herman's Hermits.[58] As part of EMI's plan to exploit the 20th anniversary of each Beatles single, "Ticket to Ride" was reissued in the UK in April 1985[59] and peaked at number 70 on the UK Singles Chart.[60]
Appearance in Help! and promotional film[edit]
"Ticket to Ride" features in a scene in the film Help![61] The Beatles are seen attempting to ski[57] and avoiding a team of assassins from a cult whose quest is to murder Starr. The scene was filmed at Obertauern in the Austrian Alps in March 1965.[62]
On 23 November 1965,[63] the Beatles filmed promotional clips for "Ticket to Ride" and four other songs, including both sides of their upcoming single at the time, "Day Tripper" / "We Can Work It Out", at Twickenham Film Studios in south-west London.[64][65] The films were directed by Joe McGrath, who had worked on Help! as an assistant to Lester.[66] In the case of "Ticket to Ride", the clip was made for inclusion in Top of the Pops' round-up of the biggest hits of 1965.[67]
Against a backdrop of oversized tickets, the Beatles are shown miming to the song, with Starr standing at his drum kit and the other band members sitting in director's chairs.[68] Part of the clip appeared in the 1995 documentary The Beatles Anthology. In 2015, it was included in full on the Beatles' video compilation 1.[69]
Live performances[edit]
The Beatles played "Ticket to Ride" throughout their June–July 1965 European tour.[82] A live performance from the 1 August 1965 broadcast of Blackpool Night Out was included on the Anthology 2 compilation and shown during The Beatles Anthology documentary.[83] On 14 August, the group recorded a live performance of the song for The Ed Sullivan Show, broadcast the following month.[84]
"Ticket to Ride" was also included in the set list for the Beatles' 1965 US tour[84] and their UK tour at the end of the year.[64] The 15 August performance at Shea Stadium appears in the 1966 documentary The Beatles at Shea Stadium, although the audio for the song was re-recorded in London prior to release.[85] The group's 29 August performance at the Hollywood Bowl was chosen for the 1977 album The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl.[86][87]
"Ticket to Ride"
According to Ian MacDonald, the line-up on the Beatles' recording was as follows:[4]