Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (/ËŒjÉ’m kɪˈpÊŠÉ™r, ËŒjÉ”Ëm ˈkɪpÉ™r, ËŒjoÊŠm-/ YAHM kip-OOR, YAWM KIP-É™r, YOHM-;[1] Hebrew: ×™×•Ö¹× ×›Ö´Ö¼×¤Ö¼×•Ö¼×¨â€Ž YÅm KÄ«ppÅ«r [ˈjom kiˈpuÊ], lit. 'Day of Atonement') is the holiest day of the year in Judaism and Samaritanism.[2][3][4] It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei,[5] corresponding to a date in late September or early October.
For the 1973 Arab–Israeli conflict, see Yom Kippur War.
Yom Kippur
×™×•Ö¹× ×›Ö´Ö¼×¤Ö¼×•Ö¼×¨â€Ž
Jews and Samaritans
Jewish, national (in Israel)
Atonement and repentance to God for personal sins; sealing of one's fate for the upcoming year
10 Tishrei
Sunset, 24 September –
nightfall, 25 September
Sunset, 11 October –
nightfall, 12 October
Sunset, 1 October –
nightfall, 2 October
Sunset, 20 September –
nightfall, 21 September
Annual (Hebrew calendar)
For traditional Jewish people, it is primarily centered on atonement and repentance. The day's main observances consist of full fasting and asceticism, both accompanied by extended prayer services (usually at synagogue) and sin confessions. Many Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist Judaism (vs. Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, etc.), focus less on sins and more on one’s goals and accomplishments and setting yearly intentions.
Alongside the related holiday of Rosh HaShanah, Yom Kippur is one of the two components of the High Holy Days of Judaism. It is also the last of the Ten Days of Repentance.
Name[edit]
The formal Hebrew name of the holiday is Yom HaKippurim, 'day [of] the atonements'.[6] This name is used in the Bible,[7] Mishnah,[8] and Shulchan Aruch.[9] The word kippurim 'atonement' is one of many Biblical Hebrew words which, while using a grammatical plural form, refers to a singular abstract concept.[6]
Beginning in the classical period, the singular form kippur began to be used in piyyut, for example in Unetanneh Tokef, alongside the standard plural form kippurim. Use of kippur spread in the medieval period, with Yom Kippur becoming the holiday's name in Yiddish and Kippur in Ladino. In modern Hebrew, Yom Kippur or simply Kippur is the common name, while Yom HaKippurim is used in formal writing.[6]
In older English texts, the translation "Day of Atonement" is often used.
Significance[edit]
High Holy Days[edit]
Yom Kippur is one of the two High Holy Days, or Days of Awe (Hebrew yamim noraim), alongside Rosh Hashanah (which falls nine days previously).[10] According to Jewish tradition, on Rosh Hashanah God inscribes each person's fate for the coming year into the Book of Life, and waits until Yom Kippur to "seal" the verdict.[11] This process is described dramatically in the poem Unetanneh Tokef, which is recited on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur:
Recognition by the United Nations[edit]
Since 2016 the United Nations has officially recognized Yom Kippur, stating that from then on no official meetings would take place on the day.[125] In addition, the United Nations stated that, beginning in 2016, they would have nine official holidays and seven floating holidays of which each employee would be able to choose one.[125] It stated that the floating holidays will be Yom Kippur, Day of Vesak, Diwali, Gurpurab, Orthodox Christmas, Orthodox Good Friday, and Presidents' Day.[125] This was the first time the United Nations officially recognized any Jewish holiday.[125]