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Blues rock

Blues rock is a fusion genre and form of rock music that relies on the chords/scales and instrumental improvisation of blues.[3][4] It is mostly an electric ensemble-style music with instrumentation similar to electric blues and rock (electric guitar, electric bass guitar, and drums, sometimes with keyboards and harmonica). From its beginnings in the early to mid-1960s, blues rock has gone through several stylistic shifts and along the way it inspired and influenced hard rock, Southern rock, and early heavy metal.

Blues rock

Early to mid-1960s, US and UK

  • Electric guitar
  • electric bass guitar
  • drums
  • keyboards
  • harmonica

Blues rock started with rock musicians in the United Kingdom and the United States performing American blues songs. They typically recreated electric Chicago blues songs, such as those by Willie Dixon, Muddy Waters, and Jimmy Reed, at faster tempos and with a more aggressive sound common to rock. In the UK, the style was popularized by groups such as the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and the Animals, who put several blues songs into the pop charts. In the US, Lonnie Mack, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, and Canned Heat were among the earliest exponents. Some of these bands also played long, involved improvisations as were then commonplace on jazz records.[5] In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the style became more hard rock-oriented. In the US, Johnny Winter, the early Allman Brothers Band, and ZZ Top represented a hard rock trend, along with Led Zeppelin, Ten Years After, Savoy Brown, and Foghat in the UK.


In the 1980s, more traditional blues styles influenced blues rock, which continues into the 2000s, with more of a return to basics. Along with hard rock, blues rock songs became the core of the music played on album-oriented rock radio in the United States, and later the classic rock format established there during the 1980s.[6]

Characteristics[edit]

Blues rock can be characterized by bluesy improvisation, extended boogie jams typically focused on electric guitar solos, and often a heavier, riff-oriented sound and feel to the songs than found in typical Chicago-style blues. Blues rock bands "borrow[ed] the idea of an instrumental combo and loud amplification from rock & roll".[5] It is also often played at a fast tempo, again distinguishing it from the blues.[5]


Blues rock songs often follow typical blues structures, such as twelve-bar blues, sixteen-bar blues, etc. They also use the I-IV-V progression, though there are exceptions, some pieces having a "B" section, while others remain on the I. The Allman Brothers Band's version of "Stormy Monday", which uses chord substitutions based on Bobby "Blue" Bland's 1961 rendition, adds a solo section where "the rhythm shifts effortlessly into an uptempo 6/8-time jazz feel".[7] The key is usually major, but can also be minor, such as in "Black Magic Woman".


One notable difference is the frequent use of a straight eighth-note or rock rhythm instead of triplets usually found in blues. An example is Cream's "Crossroads". Although it was adapted from Robert Johnson's "Cross Road Blues", the bass "combines with drums to create and continually emphasize continuity in the regular metric drive".[8]

1980s–present[edit]

While blues rock and hard rock shared many similarities in the early 1970s, more traditional blues styles influenced blues rock in the 1980s,[5] when the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Georgia Satellites and Robert Cray recorded their best-known works, and the 1990s, which saw guitarists Gary Moore, Jeff Healey, and Kenny Wayne Shepherd become popular concert attractions. Female blues singers such as Bonnie Raitt, Susan Tedeschi, Sue Foley , Joanne Shaw Taylor and Shannon Curfman recorded blues rock albums. Groups such as the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and the White Stripes brought an edgier, more diverse style into the 2000s, while the Black Keys returned to basics. Gary Clark Jr., known for his fusing of blues, rock and soul, has been classified as a blues rock artist,[26] with Rolling Stone's Jonathan Bernstein referring to Clark's albums Blak and Blu (2012) and The Story of Sonny Boy Slim (2015) as "steeped in a sleek, modern blues-rock production style".[27]

List of blues rock musicians

Adelt, Ulrich (2011). Blues Music in the Sixties: A Story in Black and White. New Brunswick, New Jersey: . ISBN 978-0813551746.

Rutgers University Press

Brackett, Donald (2007). Fleetwood Mac: 40 Years of Creative Chaos. Westport, Connecticut: . ISBN 978-0-275-99338-2.

Praeger

Campbell, Michael; Brody, James (2007). Rock and Roll: An Introduction. . ISBN 978-1111794538.

Cengage Learning

(2004). Sound of the Beast. Allison & Busby. ISBN 0-7490-8351-4.

Christe, Ian

Dicaire, David (1999). "Elmore James". Blues Singers. . ISBN 978-0786406067.

McFarland

Eder, Bruce (1996). "British Blues". In ; Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Koda, Cub (eds.). All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.

Erlewine, Michael

(1996). "Paul Butterfield Blues Band". In Erlewine, Michael; Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Koda, Cub (eds.). All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.

Erlewine, Michael

(1989). Feel Like Going Home: Portraits in Blues and Rock 'n' Roll. Perennial Library. ISBN 978-0060971755.

Guralnick, Peter

Guterman, Jimmy (1992). The Best Rock 'N' Roll Records of All Time. Carol.  978-0806513256.

ISBN

Headlam, Dave (1997). "Blues Transformations in the Music of Cream". In Covach, John; Boone, Graeme M. (eds.). Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis. . ISBN 978-0-19510-0051.

Oxford University Press

(1980). Miller, Jim (ed.). The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll. New York City: Rolling Stone. ISBN 039-4513223.

Palmer, Robert

(1992). "The Church of the Sonic Guitar". In DeCurtis, Anthony (ed.). Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1265-4.

Palmer, Robert

Poe, Randy (2006). Skydog: The Duane Allman Story. San Francisco, California: . ISBN 0-87930-891-5.

Backbeat Books

Prown, Pete; (1997). Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists. Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-7935-4042-9.

Newquist, Harvey P.

Santelli, Robert (1997). The Best of the Blues: The 101 Essential Albums. . ISBN 978-0140237559.

Penguin Books

(1996). "Blues Rock". In Erlewine, Michael; Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Koda, Cub (eds.). All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.

Unterberger, Richie

(2000). Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80970-2.

Weinstein, Deena