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Charles Sanders Peirce

Charles Sanders Peirce (/pɜːrs/[8][9] PURSS; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".[10][11] According to philosopher Paul Weiss, Peirce was "the most original and versatile of America's philosophers and America's greatest logician".[12] Bertrand Russell wrote "he was one of the most original minds of the later nineteenth century and certainly the greatest American thinker ever".

Charles Sanders Peirce

Educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for thirty years, Peirce meanwhile made major contributions to logic, such as theories of relations and quantification. C. I. Lewis wrote, "The contributions of C. S. Peirce to symbolic logic are more numerous and varied than those of any other writer—at least in the nineteenth century." For Peirce, logic also encompassed much of what is now called epistemology and the philosophy of science. He saw logic as the formal branch of semiotics or study of signs, of which he is a founder, which foreshadowed the debate among logical positivists and proponents of philosophy of language that dominated 20th-century Western philosophy. Peirce's study of signs also included a tripartite theory of predication.


Additionally, he defined the concept of abductive reasoning, as well as rigorously formulating mathematical induction and deductive reasoning. He was one of the founders of statistics. As early as 1886, he saw that logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits. The same idea was used decades later to produce digital computers.[13]


In metaphysics, Peirce was an "objective idealist" in the tradition of German philosopher Immanuel Kant as well as a scholastic realist about universals. He also held a commitment to the ideas of continuity and chance as real features of the universe, views he labeled synechism and tychism respectively. Peirce believed an epistemic fallibilism and anti-skepticism went along with these views.

Philosophical algebraist [139] and logician William Ernest Johnson, both British;

William Kingdon Clifford

The Polish school of logic and foundational mathematics, including ;

Alfred Tarski

who praised and studied Peirce's logical work in a 1964 paper[28] and in Formal Logic (saying on page 4 that Peirce "perhaps had a keener eye for essentials than any other logician before or since").

Arthur Prior

Joseph Ransdell, ed. Archived 2022-11-30 at the Wayback Machine. Includes over 100 annotated writings by Peirce, hundreds of papers on Peirce, and archives of a Peirce email forum.

Arisbe: The Peirce Gateway

(1998–2003), Donald Cunningham & Jean Umiker-Sebeok, Indiana U.

Center for Applied Semiotics (CAS)

(CIEP) and previously Centro de Estudos Peirceanos (CeneP), Lucia Santaella et al., Pontifical Catholic U. of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Brazil. In Portuguese, some English.

Centro Internacional de Estudos Peirceanos

(CEP), Ivo Assad Ibri, Pontifical Catholic U. of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Brazil. In Portuguese.

Centro de Estudos de Pragmatismo

'. Journal on pragmatism organized by the Centre for Pragmatism Studies (PPG-Fil, PUC-SP)

Cognitio (ISSN: 2316-5278)

, Mats Bergman, Sami Paavola, & João Queiroz, formerly Commens at Helsinki U. Includes Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms with Peirce's definitions, often many per term across the decades, and the Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce (old edition still at old website).

Commens Digital Companion to C.S. Peirce

Archived September 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Carlo Sini, Rossella Fabbrichesi, et al., U. of Milan, Italy. In Italian and English. Part of Pragma.

Centro Studi Peirce

. Co-sponsoring the 2014 Peirce International Centennial Congress (100th anniversary of Peirce's death).

Charles S. Peirce Foundation


Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. Quarterly journal of Peirce studies since spring 1965. Table of Contents of all issues.

Charles S. Peirce Society

Brian Kariger, ed.

Charles S. Peirce Studies

at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

Charles Sanders Peirce

: The Peirce Archive. Humboldt U, Berlin, Germany. Cataloguing Peirce's innumerable drawings & graphic materials. More info (Prof. Aud Sissel Hoel).

Collegium for the Advanced Study of Picture Act and Embodiment

, João Queiroz (now at UFJF) & Ricardo Gudwin (at Unicamp), eds., Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Portuguese), Brazil, in English. 84 authors listed, 51 papers online & more listed, as of January 31, 2009. Newer edition now at Commens Digital Companion to C.S. Peirce.

Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce

Jay Zeman, ed., U. of Florida. Has 4 Peirce texts.

Existential Graphs

, Jaime Nubiola, ed., U. of Navarra, Spain. Big study site, Peirce & others in Spanish & English, bibliography, more.

Grupo de Estudios Peirceanos (GEP) / Peirce Studies Group

(HPRC), Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen et al., U. of Helsinki.

Helsinki Peirce Research Center

. Autobiographical Peirce. Kenneth Laine Ketner.

His Glassy Essence

Kenneth Laine Ketner, Clyde Hendrick, et al., Texas Tech U. Peirce's life and works.

Institute for Studies in Pragmaticism

, Uwe Wirth et al., eds., Goethe U., Frankfurt, Germany. Uses frames. Click on link at bottom of its home page for English. Moved to U. of Gießen, Germany, home page not in English but see Artikel section there.

International Research Group on Abductive Inference

(2024) - Dan Everett talks to James McElvenny about Peirce in the History and Philosophy of the Language Sciences podcast series.

Interview with Dan Everett on C.S. Peirce and Peircean linguistics

(1974–2003) – Institut de Recherche en Sémiotique, Communication et Éducation, Gérard Deledalle, Joëlle Réthoré, U. of Perpignan, France.

L'I.R.S.C.E.

Vinicius Romanini, U. of São Paulo, Brazil. English, Portuguese.

Minute Semeiotic

at Signo: Theoretical Semiotics on the Web, Louis Hébert, director, supported by U. of Québec. Theory, application, exercises of Peirce's Semiotics and Esthetics. English, French.

Peirce

Archived 2019-10-20 at the Wayback Machine, Indiana U.–Purdue U. Indianapolis (IUPUI). André De Tienne, Nathan Houser, et al. Editors of the Writings of Charles S. Peirce (W) and The Essential Peirce (EP) v. 2. Many study aids such as the Robin Catalog of Peirce's manuscripts & letters and:
Biographical introductions to EP 1–2 and W 1–6 & 8
Most of Writings of Charles S. Peirce, 2 readable online.
PEP's branch at Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM). Working on Writings of Charles S. Peirce, 7: Peirce's work on the Century Dictionary. Definition of the week.

Peirce Edition Project (PEP)

Frithjof Dau, Germany

Peirce's Existential Graphs

Department of Philosophy "Piero Martinetti" – University of Milan, Italy.

Peirce Research Group

David Hildebrand & John Shook.

Pragmatism Cybrary

(late 1990s), Institut für Didaktik der Mathematik (Michael Hoffman, Michael Otte, Universität Bielefeld, Germany). See Peirce Project Newsletter v. 3, n. 1, p. 13.

Research Group on Semiotic Epistemology and Mathematics Education

with 76 definitions of the sign by C. S. Peirce.

Semiotics according to Robert Marty

at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

Works by Charles Sanders Peirce