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Gilbert Simondon


Gilbert Simondon (French: [simɔ̃dɔ̃]; 2 October 1924 – 7 February 1989) was a French philosopher best known for his theory of individuation and his work on the field of philosophy of technology. Simondon's work is characterized by his philosophical approach on information theory, communication studies, technology and the natural sciences. Although largely overlooked in his lifetime, the advent of the information age has collaborated to a reappraisal and increased interest in Simondon's books, with him being seen as someone who has precisely predicted and described the social effects and paradigms technical objects and technology itself have offered in the 21st century.

Gilbert Simondon

(1924-10-02)2 October 1924

7 February 1989(1989-02-07) (aged 64)

Palaiseau, France

Lycée de Saint-Etienne

École normale supérieure (Paris) (Agrégation, 1948)
(Licence de Philosophie, 1948)
(Licence de Psychologie, 1950)
(PhD, 1958)

  • L'Individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d'information (Individuation in Light of Notions of Form and Information) (1958)
  • Du mode d'existence des objets techniques (On The Mode of Existence of Technical Objects) (1958)

Information, communication, philosophy of nature, philosophy of science, epistemology, technology, psychology, physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, hydraulics, chemistry, biology, crystallography, mechanics, electronics, architecture, religion, ethics, aesthetics

Individuation
Transduction
Allagmatics
Metastability
Abstract and Concrete Technical Objects
Open and Closed Systems
Minor and Major Technics
Techno-Aesthetics

Despite Simondon's thought having remained largely alienated amidst the effervescent wave of post-structuralism of his age in his homeland of France and Europe in general, a few colleagues have been pioneers in praising Simondon's writings and demonstrating the influence and weight of his intellectual work in their own, the most notable being Gilles Deleuze, whose The Logic of Sense is heavily influenced by Simondon's theory of individuation, and Herbert Marcuse, who takes inspiration from Simondon's notions of the effects of technological alienation in society in his book One-Dimensional Man. Today, Simondon's work influence can most clearly be seen in the works of Bruno Latour, Bernard Stiegler and Yuk Hui.

Career[edit]

Born in Saint-Étienne, Simondon was a student of philosopher of science Georges Canguilhem, philosopher Martial Guéroult, and phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty. He studied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure and the Sorbonne. He defended his doctoral dissertations in 1958 at the University of Paris. His main thesis, L'individuation à la lumière des notions de Forme et d'Information (Individuation in the light of the notions of Form and Information), was published in two parts, the first in 1964 under the title L'individu et sa génèse physico-biologique (Individuation and its physical-biological genesis) at the Presses Universitaires de France, although the second part, L'individuation psychique et collective (Psychic and collective individuation) was only published by Aubier in 1989. While his main thesis, which laid the foundations of his thinking, was not widely read until it was commented upon by Gilles Deleuze and, more recently, Bruno Latour and Bernard Stiegler, his complementary thesis, Du mode d'existence des objets techniques (On the mode of existence of technical objects) was published by Aubier immediately after being completed (in 1958) and had an instant impact on a wide audience. It was only in 2005 that Jérôme Millon published a complete edition of the main thesis.

Individuation and technology[edit]

In L'individuation psychique et collective, Simondon developed a theory of individual and collective individuation, in which the individual subject is considered as an effect of individuation, rather than as a cause. Thus the individual atom is replaced by the never-ending process of individuation. Simondon also conceived of "pre-individual fields" as the resources making individuation itself possible. Individuation is an always incomplete process, always leaving a "pre-individual" left-over, itself making possible future individuations. Furthermore, psychic individuation always creates both an individual and a collective subject, which individuate themselves together. Simondon criticized Norbert Wiener's theory of cybernetics, arguing that "Right from the start, Cybernetics has accepted what all theory of technology must refuse: a classification of technological objects conducted by means of established criteria and following genera and species." Simondon aimed to overcome the shortcomings of cybernetics by developing a "general phenomenology" of machines.

Influence[edit]

Simondon's theory of individuation through transduction in a metastable environment was an important influence on the thought of Gilles Deleuze, whose Différence et répétition (1968), Logique du sens (1969) and L'île déserte (2002) make explicit reference to Simondon's work. Gilbert Simondon: une pensée de l'individuation et de la technique (1994), the proceedings of the first conference devoted to Simondon's work, further charts his influence on thinkers such as François Laruelle, Gilles Châtelet, Anne Fagot-Largeau, Yves Deforge, René Thom, and Bernard Stiegler (the latter having placed Simondon's theory of individuation at the very heart of his multi-volume philosophical project). Another contributor to Gilbert Simondon: une pensée de l'individuation et de la technique, Simondon's friend John Hart, was the instigator of the very first translation—from French into English c.1980—of Simondon's work (this at University of Western Ontario in Canada where Hart had founded both a Department of Computer Science and a Simondon-inspired network: the ATN, or Audio Tactile Network in 1964[1]). Jean-Hugues Barthélémy edited the Cahiers Simondon from 2009 to 2015 with a total of six issues. Currently, Simondon can be seen as a major influence on the work of scholars such as Paolo Virno, Jean-Hugues Barthélémy, Thierry Bardini, Luciana Parisi, Brian Massumi, Adrian Mackenzie, Muriel Combes, Carl Mitcham, Andrew Feenberg, Yuk Hui, Isabelle Stengers, Thomas LaMarre, Bruno Latour and Anne Sauvagnargues.

Du mode d'existence des objets techniques (Méot, 1958; second ed. Paris: Aubier, 1989).

[2]

L'individu et sa genèse physico-biologique (l'individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d'information) (Paris: , 1964; second ed. J.Millon, coll. Krisis, 1995).[3]

PUF

L'individuation psychique et collective(Paris, Aubier, 1989; reprinted in 2007 with a preface by Bernard Stiegler).

[4]

Posthumous publications


English translations

Alloa, Emmanuel, "", in Critique 816 (2015): 356 – 371 (in French).

Prégnances du devenir. Simondon et les images

Alloa, Emmanuel & Judith Michalet, in Philosophy Today vol. 61 no. 3 (2017): 475–502..

"Differences in Becoming. Gilbert Simondon and Gilles Deleuze on Individuation"

Bardin, Andrea, "" Contemporary Political Theory, 2018.

Philosophy as Political Technē: The Tradition of Invention in Simondon’s Political Thought

Bardin, Andrea, (Springer, 2015).

Epistemology and Political Philosophy in Gilbert Simondon. Individuation, Technics, Social Systems

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Life and Technology: An Inquiry Into and Beyond Simondon (tr. B. Norman, Meson Press, 2015).

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Simondon (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2014).

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues (dir.), Cahiers Simondon N° 1 to 6 (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2009–2015).

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "Individuation and Knowledge. The refutation of idealism in Simondon's Heritage in France", translated by M. Hayward and A. De Boever, SubStance, Special Issue "Gilbert Simondon", Issue 129, Vol. 41, N°3, 2012.

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "What new Humanism today ?", translated by Chris Turner, Cultural Politics, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Bergs Publishers, 2010.

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "Du mort qui saisit le vif. Simondonian ontology today", trans. , Parrhesia 7 (2009): 28–35 Archived 20 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

Justin Clemens

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Simondon ou l'encyclopédisme génétique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2008)

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Penser l'individuation. Simondon et la philosophie de la nature (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005). (in French).

Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Penser la connaissance et la technique après Simondon (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005). (in French).

Bidet, Alexandra, Macé, Marielle. "S'individuer, s'émanciper, risquer un style (autour de Simondon)", Revue du Mauss, n°38 – Emancipation, subjectivation, individuation. Psychanalyse, philosophie et science sociale, La Découverte, 2011, pp. 269–284.

Bontems, Vincent (dir.), Gilbert Simondon ou l'invention du futur (Paris: Klincksieck, 2016).

Caponi, Saverio, Gilbert Simondon. La tecnica e la vita, Lulu.com, 2010.

Carrozzini, Giovanni, Gilbert Simondon filosofo della mentalité technique, Mimesis, Milano 2011.

Carrozzini, Giovanni, Gilbert Simondon: per un'assiomatica dei saperi. Dall'"ontologia dell'individuo" alla filosofia della tecnologia, Manni, San Cesario di Lecce 2006

Chabot, Pascal, La philosophie de Simondon (Paris, Vrin, 2003). (English translation : "", Bloomsbury, 2013)

The philosophy of Simondon.Between technology and individuation

Combes, Muriel, Gilbert Simondon and the Philosophy of the Transindividual, translated by Thomas LaMarre, MIT Press 2013 (originally published in French: Simondon, Individu et collectivité, Presses Universitaires de France 1999)

Critique no. 816 (2015), Special Issue on Gilbert Simondon, with texts by Elie During, Emmanuel Alloa, Irlande Saurin, Anne Sauvegnargues and Gilbert Simondon

[7]

"On Gilbert Simondon," in Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953–1974 (Los Angeles & New York: Semiotext(e), 2004): 86–9. ISBN 1-58435-018-0

Deleuze, Gilles

De Boever, Murray, Roffe & Ashley (eds.), (Edinburgh University Press, hardback: 2012; paperback: March 2013).

Gilbert Simondon: Being and Technology

Dumouchel, Paul, "Gilbert Simondon's Plea for a Philosophy of Technology," in The Politics of Knowledge (Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995): 255–71.  0-253-20940-4.

ISBN

During, Elie, . (in French).

Simondon au pied du mur

Simondon et la philosophie de la culture technique (Brussels: De Boeck, 1992). (in French).

Hottois, Gilbert

Mackenzie, Adrian, Transductions: Bodies and Machines at Speed (Continuum Press, 2002).  0-8264-5883-1

ISBN

Massumi, Brian, Technical Mentality" Revisited: Brian Massumi on Gilbert Simondon, Archived 20 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

Parrhesia 7 (2009): 36–45

Mills, Simon, Gilbert Simondon – Information, Technology and Media (Rowman and Littlefield, 2016).

Morizot, Baptiste, Pour une théorie de la rencontre. Hasard et individuation chez Gilbert Simondon (Paris: Vrin, 2016; foreword by Jean-Hugues Barthélémy).

Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger, Gilbert Simondon, n°3/2006.

"Traversing Life and Thought: Gilbert Simondon's Theory of Cyclic Imagination", in Social Imaginaries 5.2 (2019): 37–57.

Sabolius, Kristupas

Gilbert Simondon's Psychic and Collective Individuation (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014).

Scott, David

Acting Out (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).

Stiegler, Bernard

Stiegler, Bernard, , trans. Kristina Lebedeva, Parrhesia 7 (2009): 46–57.

The Theater of Individuation: Phase-shift and Resolution in Simondon and Heidegger

Stiegler, Bernard, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).

Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus

Stiegler, Bernard, . (in French).

Temps et individuation technique, psychique, et collective dans l’oeuvre de Simondon

Tenti, Gregorio, Estetica e morfologia in Gilbert Simondon, Mimesis, 2020

Thibault, Ghislain, Filming Simondon: The National Film Board, Education, and Humanism , Canadian Journal of Film Studies, vol. 26 n°1/2017, pp. 1–23

[8]

Thibault, Ghislain and Mark Hayward, , Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 42 n°3/2017

Understanding Machines: A History of Canadian Mechanology

"Technical Culture and the Limits of Interaction: A Note on Simondon," in Joke Brouwer & Arjen Mulder (eds.), Interact or Die! (Rotterdam: NAi, 2007): 198–205.

Toscano, Alberto

Virno, Paolo, Angels and the General Intellect: Individuation in Duns Scotus and Gilbert Simondon, Archived 20 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

Parrhesia 7 (2009): 58–67

Olivier Del Fabbro: Philosophieren mit Objekten – Gilbert Simondons prozessuale Individuationsontologie, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag. 2021.

Films François Lagarde and Pascal Chabot have made a movie on Simondon: Simondon of the Desert (english translation) with Anne Fagot-Largeault, Arne De Boever, Dominique Lecourt, Gilbert Hottois, Giovanni Carrozzini, Jean-Hugues Barthélémy, Jean Clottes, and music by Jean-Luc Guillonet.

link to PDF file of unpublished 2013 translation.

Save the Technical Object

link to PDF file of unpublished 2010 translation.

MEOT / METO

Also see the section (above) for published translations.

English translations

Online translations


Other links