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July Monarchy

The July Monarchy (French: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (French: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under Louis Philippe I, starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 February 1848, with the Revolution of 1848. It marks the end of the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830). It began with the overthrow of the conservative government of Charles X, the last king of the main line House of Bourbon.

Kingdom of France[a]
Royaume de France (French)

Paris

French

Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy

 

Louis Philippe I

Louis Philippe II
(disputed)

 

Jacques Laffitte

François Guizot

Parliament

Chamber of Peers

Chamber of Deputies

 

26 July 1830

7 August 1830

23 February 1848

French franc

France
Algeria

Louis Philippe, a member of the more liberal Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, proclaimed himself as Roi des Français ("King of the French") rather than "King of France", emphasizing the popular origins of his reign. The king promised to follow the juste milieu, or the middle-of-the-road, avoiding the extremes of both the conservative supporters of Charles X and radicals on the left.


The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. It followed conservative policies, especially under the influence of François Guizot. The king promoted friendship with the United Kingdom and sponsored colonial expansion, notably the French conquest of Algeria. By 1848, a year in which many European states had a revolution, the king's popularity had collapsed, and he abdicated.

France during the nineteenth century

Liberalism and radicalism in France

French art of the 19th century

French literature of the 19th century

History of science

Politics of France

Antonetti, Guy (2002). Louis-Philippe. Le grand livre du mois (in French). . ISBN 978-2-7028-7276-5. OCLC 470266469.

Fayard

Aston, Nigel (October 1988). "Orleanism, 1780–1830". History Today. 38 (10): 41–47.

Beik, Paul. Louis Philippe and the July Monarchy (1965), short survey

Blum, Jerome. In the Beginning: The Advent of the Modern Age Europe in the 1840s (1994) pp 199–234.

Collingham, H.A.C. The July Monarchy: A Political History of France, 1830–1848 (Longman, 1988)

Furet, François. Revolutionary France 1770–1880 (1995), pp 326–84. survey of political history by leading scholar

Howarth, T.E.B. Citizen-King: The Life of Louis Philippe, King of the French (1962).

Jardin, Andre, and Andre-Jean Tudesq. Restoration and Reaction 1815–1848 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1988)

Lucas-Dubreton, J. The Restoration and the July Monarchy (1929), pp 174–368.

Merriman, John M. ed. 1830 in France (1975) articles by scholars.

Newman, Edgar Leon; Simpson, Robert Lawrence (1987). . Greenwood Press.

Historical Dictionary of France from the 1815 Restoration to the Second Empire

Pinkney, David. The French Revolution of 1830 (1972)

Pinkney, David. Decisive Years in France, 1840–1847 (1986)