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People Power Revolution

The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution[a] or the February Revolution,[4][5][6][7] was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of Ferdinand Marcos, the end of his 20-year dictatorship and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines.

"EDSA Revolution" redirects here. For other uses, see EDSA Revolution (disambiguation). For other uses of People Power, see People Power (disambiguation).

People Power Revolution

February 22–25, 1986 (3 days)

Opposition victory

It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution[8] due to the presence of yellow ribbons during demonstrations (in reference to the Tony Orlando and Dawn song "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree") as a symbol of protest following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.[9] in August 1983 upon his return to the Philippines from exile. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of presidential rule by President Marcos, and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".[10]


The majority of the demonstrations took place on a long stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more commonly known by its acronym EDSA, in Metro Manila from February 22 to 25, 1986. They involved over two million Filipino civilians, as well as several political and military groups, and religious groups led by Cardinal Jaime Sin, the Archbishop of Manila, along with Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines President Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, the Archbishop of Cebu.


The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition after years of governance by President Marcos and his cronies, ended with the ruler, his family, and some of their supporters fleeing to exile in Hawaii; and Ninoy Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino, inaugurated as the eleventh President of the Philippines.[11]

Date

February 25, 1986 (1986-02-25)

National

Commemoration of the People Power Revolution

February 25, 2025 (2025-02-25)

Annual

2002

The is a small church put up in 1989 by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila in the Ortigas Center at the corner of EDSA with Ortigas Avenue. Priminently featuring the 35-foot (11 m) Our Lady of EDSA sculpture by Virginia Ty-Navarro and containing numerous other artworks throughout the church, it commemorates the "miraculously" peaceful nature of the People Power protests, as well as the role of the Catholic Church in the revolution.[114]

Shrine of Mary, Queen of Peace, Our Lady of EDSA, better known as the EDSA Shrine

The was put up by civil society groups and inaugurated in 1992 to commemorate the struggle against the Marcos dictatorship, and the People Power Revolution as a key turning point in the struggle. The site's Wall of Remembrance has an extensively researched list of the martyrs and heroes who fought the authoritarian regime. The site, designed by National Artist for landscape architecture Ildefonso P. Santos Jr., also features the "Inang Bayan" sculpture by Eduardo Castrillo, as well as a specialty library and a museum commemorating the martyrs and heroes honored on the Wall of Remembrance.[114]

Bantayog ng mga Bayani

The People's Park put up in 1993 by the Philippine Government on the southwest corner of Camp Aguinaldo at the intersection of EDSA and White Plains Avenue contains the 30-figure sculpture by Eduardo Castrillo as well as a 1983 statue of Ninoy Aquino sculpted by artist Tomas Concepcion.[114]

People Power Monument

Proclamation No. 1081

1972 Philippines Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos

1986 Philippine presidential election

Epifanio de los Santos Avenue

""

Bayan Ko

""

Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo

""

Magkaisa

EDSA Shrine

People Power Monument

Bantayog ng mga Bayani

General:


Similar events:

Baron, Cynthia S. and Suazo, Melba M. Nine Letters: The Story of the 1986 Filipino Revolution. Quezon City, Philippines. Gerardo P. Baron Books. 1986.

Bello, Walden. "From the ashes: The rebirth of the Philippine revolution—a review essay." Third World Quarterly 8.1 (1986): 258–276.

online

Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1987). . Brookline Village, MA: Branden Pub. Co. ISBN 0-8283-1913-8. OCLC 15489470.

Cory: Profile of a President

Johnson, Brian. The Four Days of Courage: The Untold Story of the People Who Brought Marcos Down. Toronto, Canada. McClelland and Stewart, 1987.

Lacsamana, Leodivico Cruz (1990). Philippine History and Government (Second ed.). Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.  971-06-1894-6.

ISBN

Mendoza, Amado, '"People Power" in the Philippines, 1983–86', in and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-955201-6. US edition. On Google.

Adam Roberts

Mercado, Monina Allarey, ed. (1986). . Manila, Philippines: The James B. Reuter, S.J., Foundation.

People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986 - An eyewitness history

Schock, Kurt. Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies. Minneapolis, USA. University of Minnesota Press. 2005.

John Nery (writer) (2006). [EDSA 20 An Illustration] (documentary) (in Filipino). Philippines: Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 2, 2021.

Edsa 20 'Isang Larawan'—An Inquirer documentary

R.A. Rivera (director) (2015). (documentary, episode of History with Lourd) (in Filipino). Philippines: TV5 Network. Retrieved March 2, 2021.

People Power @ 30 - History

(in English and Filipino). 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.

People Power Revolution Day by Day