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Tenedos

Tenedos (Greek: Τένεδος, Tenedhos; Latin: Tenedus), or Bozcaada in Turkish, is an island of Turkey in the northeastern part of the Aegean Sea. Administratively, the island constitutes the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale Province. With an area of 39.9 km2 (15 sq mi), it is the third-largest Turkish island after Imbros (Gökçeada) and Marmara.[1] In 2022, the district had a population of 3,120 inhabitants.[2] The main industries are tourism, wine production and fishing. The island has been famous for its grapes, wines and red poppies for centuries. It is a former bishopric and presently a Latin Catholic titular see.

For other uses, see Tenedos (disambiguation).

Tenedos
Bozcaada

 Turkey

Marmara

Çanakkale

Dr. Hakan Can Yılmaz (CHP)

Mustafa Akın

39.9 km2 (15.4 sq mi)

3,120

78/km2 (200/sq mi)

17680

www.bozcaada.bel.tr

Tenedos is mentioned in both the Iliad and the Aeneid, in the latter as the site where the Greeks hid their fleet near the end of the Trojan War in order to trick the Trojans into believing the war was over and into taking the Trojan Horse within their city walls. Despite its small size, the island was important throughout classical antiquity due to its strategic location at the entrance of the Dardanelles. In the following centuries, the island came under the control of a succession of regional powers, including the Persian Empire, the Delian League, the empire of Alexander the Great, the Attalid kingdom, the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire, before passing to the Republic of Venice. As a result of the War of Chioggia (1381) between Genoa and Venice the entire population was evacuated and the town was demolished. The Ottoman Empire established control over the deserted island in 1455. During Ottoman rule, it was resettled by both Greeks and Turks. In 1807, the island was temporarily occupied by the Russians. During this invasion the town was burnt down and many Turkish residents left the island.


Under Greek administration between 1912 and 1923, Tenedos was ceded to Turkey with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) which ended the Turkish War of Independence following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. The treaty called for a quasi-autonomous administration to accommodate the local Greek population and excluded the Greeks on the two islands of Imbros and Tenedos from the wider population exchanges that took place between Greece and Turkey. Tenedos remained majority Greek until the late 1960s and early 1970s, when many Greeks emigrated because of better opportunities elsewhere. Starting with the second half of the 20th century, there has been immigration from mainland Anatolia, especially Romani from the town of Bayramiç.

History[edit]

Prehistory[edit]

Archeological findings indicate that the first human settlement on the island dates back to the Early Bronze Age II (ca. 3000–2700 BC). Archaeological evidence suggests the culture on the island had elements in common with the cultures of northwestern Anatolia and the Cycladic Islands. [14] Most settlement was on the small bays on the east side of the island which formed natural harbours. Settlement archaeological work was done quickly and thus did not find definitive evidence of grape cultivation on the island during this period. However, grape cultivation was common on neighboring islands and the nearby mainland during this time.[15]


According to a reconstruction, based on the myth of Tenes, Walter Leaf stated that the first inhabitants of the island could be Pelasgians, who were driven out of the Anatolian mainland by the Phrygians.[16] According to the same author, there are possible traces of Minoan and Mycenaean Greek influence in the island.[17]

Transportation[edit]

The main transportation from mainland Turkey is by ferries from Geyikli and from the town of Çanakkale.[146] The island is roughly 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from mainland Turkey.[172] From the Geyikli pier, ferry travel is available for both passengers and automobiles, and takes about 35 minutes. A passenger-only ferry service from Çanakkale began running in 2009. Both run less often during the winter months.[173] The island is seven hours by bus and then ferry from Istanbul.[147] In 2012, Seabird Airlines began offering flights from Istanbul's Golden Horn to the island.[174]

Culture[edit]

The Turkish film Akıllı Köpek Max (Max the Smart Dog) was filmed in Bozcaada in 2012.[175] Another Turkish film, Bi Küçük Eylül Meselesi (A Small September Affair) was filmed on the island in 2013.[176]


The Australian author Dmetri Kakmi was born on Tenedos of Greek parents in 1961. His acclaimed memoir Mother Land about his childhood on the island was published in 2008 and reissued in a new edition in 2015.

4th-century Christian martyr

Abudimus

(1832–1903), son of Bozcaadalı Hüseyin Pasha, Naval Minister, founder of the Istanbul Naval Museum[177]

Bozcaadalı Hasan Hüsnü Pasha

Bozcaadalı Hüseyin Pasha, 19th-century Ottoman staff admiral (Riyale)

ancient Greek astronomer

Cleostratus

Democrates (: Δημοκράτης), ancient Olympic winner in the men's wrestling. At Leonidaion there was a statue of him which was made by Dionysicles (Ancient Greek: Διονυσικλῆς) of Miletus.[178]

Ancient Greek

ancient Greek engineer

Harpalus

Meletius II, (1768–1769)[179]

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

ancient Greek general[180][181]

Phoenix of Tenedos

Aristagoras of Tenedos, [182]

prytanis

Greco-Turkish relations

Greek wine

Imbros

Treaty of Lausanne

Treaty of Sèvres

Turkish wine

Bozcaada Castle

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Books


Journals


Newspapers and magazines


Web sources

Bora Esiz, ""

Bozcaada, An Island for Those who Love the Aegean

Hakan Gürüney: From Tenedos to Bozcaada. Tale of a forgotten island. In: Tenedos Local History Research Centre. No. 5, Bozcaada 2012,  9789752310360.

ISBN

Haluk Şahin, The Bozcaada Book: A Personal, historical and literary guide to the windy island also known as Tenedos, Translated by Ayşe Şahin, Troya Publishing, 2005  975-92275-9-2

ISBN

presented to the II. National Symposium on the Aegean Islands, 2–3 July 2004, Gökçeada, Çanakkale.

Papers

Αλεξάνδρου, Δημήτρης (2002). Ίμβριοι-Τενέδιοι ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΞΕΧΑΣΑΜΕ. Ερωδιός.  978-960-7942-37-1.

ISBN

(Turkish)

Bozcaada government website

(Turkish)

Bozcaada Blog website

(Turkish)

Bozcaada Museum (private)

Bozcaada slide show from New York Times Travel section

Bozcaada travel guide from Wikivoyage

Bozcaada Guide

(slide show)

Une fin de semaine sur l'ile de Bozcaada

(Turkish)

Website, Municipality of Bozcaada