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Thrace

Thrace (/θrs/, thrayss; Bulgarian: Тракия, romanizedTrakiya; Greek: Θράκη, romanizedThráki; Turkish: Trakya) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe. Bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the east, it comprises present-day southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace), and the European part of Turkey (East Thrace), roughly the Roman Province of Thrace. Lands also inhabited by ancient Thracians extended in the north to modern-day Northern Bulgaria and Romania and to the west into Macedonia.

For other uses, see Thrace (disambiguation).

Geography[edit]

Borders[edit]

The historical boundaries of Thrace have varied. The ancient Greeks employed the term "Thrace" to refer to all of the territory which lay north of Thessaly inhabited by the Thracians,[7] a region which "had no definite boundaries" and to which other regions (like Macedonia and even Scythia) were added.[8] In one ancient Greek source, the very Earth is divided into "Asia, Libya, Europa and Thracia".[8] As the Greeks gained knowledge of world geography, "Thrace" came to designate the area bordered by the Danube on the north, by the Euxine Sea (Black Sea) on the east, by northern Macedonia in the south and by Illyria to the west.[8] This largely coincided with the Thracian Odrysian kingdom, whose borders varied over time. After the Macedonian conquest, this region's former border with Macedonia was shifted from the Struma River to the Mesta River.[9][10] This usage lasted until the Roman conquest. Henceforth, (classical) Thrace referred only to the tract of land largely covering the same extent of space as the modern geographical region. In its early period, the Roman province of Thrace was of this extent, but after the administrative reforms of the late 3rd century, Thracia's much reduced territory became the six small provinces which constituted the Diocese of Thrace. The medieval Byzantine theme of Thrace contained only what today is East Thrace.

was, in Ancient Greek mythology, the chief representative of the art of song and playing the lyre.

Orpheus

was a Greek philosopher from Abdera, Thrace (c. 490–420 BC.) An expert in rhetorics and subjects connected to virtue and political life, often regarded as the first sophist. He is known primarily for three claims: (1) that man is the measure of all things, often interpreted as a sort of moral relativism, (2) that he could make the "worse (or weaker) argument appear the better (or stronger)" (see Sophism), and (3) that one could not tell if the gods existed or not (see Agnosticism).

Protagoras

was a Greek physician of the fifth century BC who is considered the founder of sports medicine. He is believed to have been one of Hippocrates' tutors.

Herodicus

was a Greek philosopher and mathematician from Abdera, Thrace (c. 460–370 BC.) His main contribution is the atomic theory, the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called atoms.

Democritus

was a Thracian who led a large slave uprising in what is now Italy in 73–71 BC. His army of escaped gladiators and slaves defeated several Roman legions in what is known as the Third Servile War.

Spartacus

A number of of the 3rd–5th century were of Thraco-Roman backgrounds (Maximinus Thrax, Licinius, Galerius, Aureolus, Leo the Thracian, etc.). These emperors were elevated via a military career (hence the resultant nickname for them, Barracks Emperor), from the condition of common soldiers in one of the Roman legions to the foremost positions of political power.

Roman emperors

Legacy[edit]

The Trakiya Heights in Antarctica "are named after the historical region."[26]

1989 expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria

Celtic settlement of Eastern Europe

Dacia

Dardania

Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913

Hawks of Thrace

Macedon

Moesia

Moesogoths

Music of Thrace

Paionia

Thracian treasure

Turkish Republic of Thrace

Hoddinott, R. F., The Thracians, 1981.

Ilieva, Sonya, Thracology, 2001

comprehensive website on Thracian history and culture.

Ethnological Museum of Thrace

Archived 2021-05-10 at the Wayback Machine Bulgaria's most famous Thracian Treasure - The Panagyurishte Gold Treasure to return home after two years lapse

[4]

including images of the comprehensive art collection of Thracian gold found on the territory of contemporary Bulgaria.

Bulgaria's Thracian Heritage.

Information on Ancient Thrace

The People of the God-Sun Ar and Areia (modern Thrace)

The People of the God-Sun Ar and Areia (Modern Thrace)

Archived 2021-05-10 at the Wayback Machine

Possible Orphic Lyre rock engraving discovered in Bulgaria's Eastern Rhodope Mountains