Treaty of Shimonoseki

The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関条約, Hepburn: Shimonoseki Jōyaku), also known as the Treaty of Maguan (Chinese: 馬關條約; pinyin: Mǎguān Tiáoyuē; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Má-koan Tiâu-iok) in China and Treaty of Bakan (Japanese: 馬關條約, Hepburn: Bakan Jōyaku) in the period before and during World War II in Japan, was an unequal treaty signed at the Shunpanrō hotel, Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the First Sino-Japanese War.

Treaty of Shimonoseki

下關條約

下关条约

Xiàguān tiáoyuē

Hā-koan Tiâu-iok

下関条約

Shimonoseki Jōyaku

馬關條約

马关条约

Mǎguān tiáoyuē

Má-koan Tiâu-iok

馬關條約

馬関条約

Bakan Jōyaku

Under the terms of the treaty, China lost suzerainty over Korea; ceded sovereignty of the Penghu (Pescadores) Islands, Taiwan (Formosa) and the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan; agreed to pay substantial war indemnities to Japan; and opened China to Japanese foreign trade.

The peace conference took place from March 20 to April 17, 1895. This treaty followed and superseded the Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty of 1871.^[1]^[2]

Article 1: China recognizes definitively the full and complete independence and autonomy of , and, in consequence, the payment of tribute and the performance of ceremonies and formalities by Korea to China, that are in derogation of such independence and autonomy, shall wholly cease for the future.

Korea

Articles 2 & 3: China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty of the (Pescadores) Islands, Taiwan (Formosa) and the Liaodong Peninsula together with all fortifications, arsenals, and public property.

Penghu

Article 4: China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the sum of 200,000,000 Kuping ( 7,500,000 kilograms/16,534,500 pounds of silver).

taels

Article 5: China opens (Shashih), Chongqing (Chungking), Suzhou (Soochow) and Hangzhou (Hangchow) to Japan. Moreover, China is to grant Japan most favoured nation status for foreign trade (which is equal to, not above, the trade relations granted to the United Kingdom, United States, and France in 1843–44 and to Russia in 1858),

Shashi

Unequal treaty

Kwantung Leased Territory

Chinese Eastern Railway

South Manchuria Railway

Yeongeunmun

Independence Gate

Taiwanese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion (1895)

Cai, Yang; Zhu, Jiong (2024). "". European Economic Review

Cooperative Culture and the Birth of Modern Enterprises in China: Evidence from the Signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki

Chamberlain, William Henry. (1937). Japan Over Asia. Boston:, Little, Brown, and Company.

Cheng, Pei-Kai and Michael Lestz. (1999). The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Colliers. (1904). The Russo-Japanese War. New York: P.F. Collier & Son.

. (1982). Kenkenroku (trans. Gordon Mark Berger). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. ISBN 9780860083061; OCLC 252084846

Mutsu, Munemitsu

Sedwick, F. R. (1909). The Russo-Japanese War, 1909. New York: Macmillan Company.

Warner, Dennis and Peggy Warner. (1974). The Tide At Sunrise. New York: Charterhouse.

Text of the treaty

Archived August 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

Treaty of Shimonoseki