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Chongqing

Chongqing[a] is a municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the Central People's Government, along with Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin. It is the only directly administrated municipality located deep inland.[14] The municipality covers a large geographical area roughly the size of Austria, which includes several disjunct urban areas in addition to Chongqing proper. Due to its classification, the municipality of Chongqing is the largest city proper in the world by area, though it does not have the largest urban area.

Not to be confused with Chongjin.

Chongqing
重庆
Chungking, Ch'ung-ch'ing

c. 316 BC

14 March 1997

58 deputies

82,403 km2 (31,816 sq mi)

5,472.8 km2 (2,113.1 sq mi)

244 m (801 ft)

2,797 m (9,177 ft)

32,054,159

390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)

22,251,500[note 1][2]

9,580,770[3]

CN¥2.913 trillion

(US$433 billion)

CN¥90,663

(US$13,479)
4000 00 – 4099 00

Increase 2.6%

CQ / ;

0.774[6] (11th) – high

Chungking

"Doubled Celebration"

Chóngqìng

Chóngqìng

ㄔㄨㄥˊ   ㄑㄧㄥˋ

Chorngchinq

Chʻung2-chʻing4

Chóng-cìng

Zon-chin

Tshùng-khin

Chùhnghing

cung4 hing3

Tiông-khèng

Tiông-khìng

The municipality of Chongqing is the only Chinese municipality with a permanent population of over 30 million; however, this number includes its large rural population.[15] In 2020, Chongqing surpassed Shanghai as China's largest municipality by urban population; as of 2022, it has an urban population of 22.8 million.[16] The municipality contains 26 districts, 8 counties, and 4 autonomous counties. The city served as the wartime capital for the Republic of China (ROC) during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). On 14 March 1997, the current municipality was separated from the surrounding province of Sichuan, with the goal of furthering development in the central and western parts of the country.[17]


As one of China's National Central Cities, Chongqing serves as a center for finance in the Sichuan Basin and the upstream Yangtze, as well as for manufacturing and transportation. It is a connection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and a base for the country's Belt and Road Initiative.[18] Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is the second-busiest airport in China, and is one of the top 50 busiest airports in the world,[19][20] The city's monorail system is the world's longest and busiest, as well as having the greatest number of stations, with 70.[21][22] Chongqing is ranked as a Beta (global second-tier) city;[23] It is the headquarters of the Changan Automobile, one of the "Big Four" car manufacturers of China.[24] As of 2023, the city hosts 12 foreign representations, the fifth-most in China behind Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu.[25] It is one of the top 40 cities globally by scientific research output, as tracked by the Nature Index;[26] the municipality is home to several notable universities, including Chongqing University, Southwest University, and Chongqing Normal University.[27][28]

Location maps of Chongqing, Fuling, Wanxian, Qianjiang prefectures in Sichuan before 1997

Jiangbeizui CBD from above, taken in 2018

Jiangbeizui CBD from above, taken in 2018

Chaotianmen Bridge connects Jiangbei District with Nan'an District of Chongqing, taken in 2018

Chaotianmen Bridge connects Jiangbei District with Nan'an District of Chongqing, taken in 2018

Jiefangbei (解放碑; 'People's Liberation Monument') is a World War II victory monument

Jiefangbei (解放碑; 'People's Liberation Monument') is a World War II victory monument

Raffles City Chongqing, sitting in the confluence of Yangtze and Jialing River

Raffles City Chongqing, sitting in the confluence of Yangtze and Jialing River

(渝中区, literally "Central Chongqing District"), the central and most densely populated district, where government and international business offices and the city's best shopping are located in the district's Jiefangbei CBD area. Yuzhong is located on the peninsula surrounded by Eling Hill, Yangtze River and Jialing River.

Yuzhong District

(江北区, literally "North of the River District"), located to the north of Jialing River.

Jiangbei District

(沙坪坝区), roughly located between Jialing River and Zhongliang Mountain.

Shapingba District

(九龙坡区), roughly located between Yangtze River and Zhongliang Mountain.

Jiulongpo District

(南岸区, literally "Southern Bank District"), located on the south side of Yangtze River.

Nan'an District

(大渡口区)

Dadukou District

(巴南区, literally "Southern of Ba District"). Previously called Ba County, and changed to the current name in 1994.

Banan District

(渝北区, or "Northern Chongqing District"). Previously called Jiangbei County, and changed into the current name in 1994.

Yubei District

(北碚区), a satellite district northwest of Chongqing.

Beibei District

Chongqing Chemical Industrial Park

[115]

Chongqing Economic & Technological Development Zone

[116]

Chongqing Hi-Tech Industry Development Zone

[117]

[118]

Chongqing New North Zone (CNNZ)

Chongqing Export Processing Zone

[119]

Jianqiao Industrial Park (located in Dadukou District)

[120]

Liangjiang New Area

[121]

Liangjiang Cloud Computing Center (the largest of its kind in China)

[122]

(重庆大学)

Chongqing University

(西南大学)

Southwest University

(重庆科技学院)

Chongqing University of Science and Technology

(西南政法大学)

Southwest University of Political Science and Law

(第三军医大学)

Army Medical University

(重庆邮电大学)

Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

(重庆理工大学)

Chongqing University of Technology

(重庆交通大学)

Chongqing Jiaotong University

(重庆医科大学)

Chongqing Medical University

(重庆师范大学)

Chongqing Normal University

(重庆工商大学)

Chongqing Technology and Business University

(重庆三峡学院)

Chongqing Three Gorges University

(重庆通讯学院)

Chongqing Telecommunication Institute

(四川美术学院)

Sichuan Fine Arts Institute

(四川外国语大学)

Sichuan International Studies University

(后勤工程学院)

University of Logistics

Chongqing University of Arts and Science (重庆文理学院)

(长江师范学院)

Yangtze Normal University

Chongqing University of Education (重庆第二师范学院)

in Yuzhong, accessible via Metro Lines 1 & 3 (Lianglukou Metro station), is the city's oldest railway station and located near the Jiefangbei CBD in the city center. The station handles mostly long-distance trains. There are plans for a major renovation and overhaul of this station, thus many services have been transferred to Chongqing North railway station.

Chongqing railway station

is a station handling many long-distance services and high-speed rail services to Chengdu, Beijing and other cities. It was completed in 2006 and is connected to Metro Line.

Chongqing North railway station

is in Shapingba, a station handling many long-distance services and high-speed rail services to many cities. It was completed in 2018.

Chongqing West railway station

is in Shapingba, near Shapingba CBD, accessible via Shapingba metro station on Lines 1, 9 and the Loop line. It handles many local and regional train services. It was completed in 2018.

Shapingba railway station

Another railway station, , is currently under construction and is expected to be completed in 2025.

Chongqing East

The , China's first underwater museum,[142]

Baiheliang Underwater Museum

The Memorial of Great Tunnel Massacre, a former air-raid shelter where a major massacre occurred during World War II.

The in Chongqing is based on the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. This is one of the largest public assembly buildings in China which, though built in modern times, emulates traditional architectural styles. It is adjacent to the densely populated and hilly central district, with narrow streets and pedestrian only walkways,[143]

Great Hall of the People

The large domed presents the history, culture, and environment of the Three Gorges area and Chongqing.

Three Gorges Museum

is known for striking architecture.

Chongqing Art Museum

has an IMAX theater.

Chongqing Science and Technology Museum

Luohan Si, a temple,[144]

Ming dynasty

the second longest escalator in Asia.

Huangguan Escalator

Former sites for embassies of major countries during the 1940s. As the capital at that time, Chongqing had many residential and other buildings for these officials.

[145]

noted as a major tourism area of Chongqing,[146]

Wuxi County

The , in Dazu county, are a series of Chinese religious sculptures and carvings, dating back as far as the 7th century A.D., depicting and influenced by Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist beliefs. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Dazu Rock Carvings are made up of 75 protected sites containing some 50,000 statues, with over 100,000 Chinese characters forming inscriptions and epigraphs.,[147]

Dazu Rock Carvings

The and Furong Cave in Wulong Karst National Geology Park, Wulong County are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the South China Karst,[148][149]

Three Natural Bridges

is a 1000-year-old town in the Shapingba District of Chongqing. It is also known as "Little Chongqing". The town, located next to the lower reaches of the Jialing River, was at one time an important source of china-ware and used to be a busy commercial dock during the Ming and Qing dynasties,[150]

Ciqikou

or Fishing City is one of the three great ancient battlefields of China. It is noted for its resistance to the Mongol armies during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) and the location where the Mongol leader Möngke Khan died in 1259,[151]

Fishing Town

in Fengdu County is the only example of a pure-white, jade-like karst cave in China,[152]

Xueyu Cave

in Fengdu County is the Gate of the Hell in traditional Chinese literature and culture.

Fengdu Ghost City

see Xueyu Cave (above).

Snowy Jade Cave

a peninsula in Yangtze River, known due to a famous poem by Li Bai.

Baidi Cheng

The , a zoo that exhibits many rare species including the giant panda, the extremely rare South China tiger, and the African elephant.[153]

Chongqing Zoo

.

Chongqing Amusement Park

a performing arts center.

Chongqing Grand Theater

was an amusement park, including the Porcelain Palace, the world's largest toilet. Also the location of the abortive Love Land development in 2009.

Foreigners' Street

The Black Mountain Valley (Heishangu).

[154]

(aka Hongya Dong), a pier stilt house fortress that served as one of the 17 city gates of Ancient Chongqing is a popular tourist attraction for its architecture.

Hongya Cave

: a legendary hero of Ba kingdom in Zhou dynasty

Ba Manzi

Ba Qing, the Widow: the earliest known female merchant in Chinese history who provided huge financial aid to to construct the Great Wall

Qin Shi Huang

: a general serving under warlord Sun Quan in the last years of Han dynasty

Gan Ning

: a loyal general during Three Kingdoms period

Yan Yan

: a famous Buddhism monk and philosopher in Song dynasty who went to Japan and established the Kenchō-ji

Lanxi Daolong

: a popular heroine in Ming dynasty who fought against Manchus

Qin Liangyu

: marshal of the People's Liberation Army of China

Nie Rongzhen

: an early leader of Chinese communist party during Anti-Japanese War

Liu Bocheng

Lu Zuofu: a notable industrialist and businessman who was a member of and a leader of Railway Protection Movement, established the Beibei District, Chongqing Natural History Museum, Jianshan High School, the Northern Hot Spring Park of Chongqing and Beibei Library, and served as the chief official of Food Bureau during the Republic of China period.

Chinese United League

: wife of the former president and Party general secretary Hu Jintao

Liu Yongqing

Zhonghua Pang: renowned calligrapher and geologist

: computer scientist

Xia Peisu

: chess player

Huang Qian

: Olympic diving gold medalist

Tian Liang

: pianist

Li Yundi

: member of the pop band TFBoys and actor

Karry Wang

: singer-songwriter and member of TFBoys, also an actor and TV host

Roy Wang

: artist who studied in Europe

Li Hua

: actor, singer, and member of the boy group X Nine

Xiao Zhan

: born in Renshou County, Sichuan Province, was a famous military general regarded as a born military prodigy

Pan Wenhua

: leader of C-pop group R1SE

Zhou Zhennan

: Olympic diving gold medalist

Shi Tingmao

 : actress

Chen Zihan

 : biochemist

Shuguang Zhang

: professional wrestler signed with WWE

Xia Li

 : singer, pop star and internet personality

Feng Timo

: Chinese Canadian animator, director and screenwriter

Domee Shi

List of cities in China by population and built-up area

List of twin towns and sister cities in China

Major national historical and cultural sites in Chongqing

Chongqing Municipal Government website