Hey Ya!

Writing and recording[edit]

André 3000 wrote "Hey Ya!" in 2000 and began work on recording it in December 2002 at Stankonia Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.^[3][4] He used an acoustic guitar for accompaniment,^[4] inspired by bands such as the Ramones, Buzzcocks, the Hives,^[5] and the Smiths.^[6]


André recorded the introduction, the first verse, the hook, and the vocals around the same time, using several dozen takes. He returned to work on the song several evenings later, with session musician Kevin Kendricks performing the bassline on the synthesizer.^[4] Months later, André 3000 worked with Pete Novak at the Larrabee Sound Studios in Los Angeles. They experimented with various sound effects, including singing through a vocoder, and did 30 to 40 takes for each line.^[4]

Composition[edit]

"Hey Ya!" is a song in G major. Each cadential six-measure phrase is constructed using a change of meter on the fourth measure (creating a song with 22 quarter note beats per phrase) and uses a I–IV–V–VI chord progression. G major and C major chords are played for one and two ⁴
₄ measures, respectively. André 3000 then uses a deceptive cadence after a ²
₄ measure of the dominant D major chord, leading into two ⁴
₄ measures of an E major chord (against a G note in the melody implying E minor). The song moves at a tempo of 159 beats per minute, and André's vocal range spans more than an octave and a half, from B₃ to G₅.^[7]


The song opens with three pick-up beats as André 3000 counts "one, two, three, oh" (with the "oh" on beat 1) and then leads into the first verse. The lyrics begin to describe the protagonist's concerns and doubts about a romantic relationship.^[4] He wonders if they are staying together just "for tradition", as in the lines "But does she really wanna [mess around] / But can't stand to see me / Walk out the door?" André 3000 commented, "I think it's more important to be happy than to meet up to...the world's expectations of what a relationship should be. So this is a celebration of how men and women relate to each other in the 2000s".^[8] The song then leads into the chorus, which consists of the line "Hey ya!" repeated eight times, accompanied by a synthesizer performing the bassline.^[7]


During the second verse, the protagonist gets cold feet and wonders what the purpose of continuing the relationship is, pondering the question, "If they say nothing is forever...then what makes love the exception?"^[4] After repeating the chorus, the song leads into a call and response section. André 3000 jokes, "What's cooler than being cool?", and the "fellas'" response, an overdubbed version of his vocals, is "Ice cold", a reference to one of André Benjamin's stage names.^[9] He then calls to the "ladies", whose response is overdubbed from vocals by Rabeka Tuinei,^[6] who was an assistant to the audio engineer.^[4]


The song's breakdown coined the phrase "shake it like a Polaroid picture", a reference to a technique used by some photographers to expedite drying of damp instant film photos taken with film made by the Polaroid Corporation. Photos taken with early versions of the film needed to be dried, and shaking the picture helped it to dry faster.^[10] The breakdown also namechecks singer Beyoncé and actress Lucy Liu, in a turn of phrase alluding to the song "Independent Women Part I", which was performed by Destiny's Child for the 2000 film adaptation of Charlie's Angels, in which Liu starred. Though the line "now all Beyoncés and Lucy Lius" is meant to mean "now all the independent women", André 3000 says he included the lyric because the music video for "Independent Women Part I" was playing on his TV as he wrote "Hey Ya!".^[11] The song closes by repeating the chorus and then gradually fading out.^[7]

Commercial performance and impact[edit]

"Hey Ya!" was successful in North America, first charting on the week ending October 18, 2003, at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100, three weeks after "The Way You Move" debuted; which was at number 25 at the time.^[29] It topped the Hot 100 for nine weeks, from December 13, 2003, to February 7, 2004.^[30][31] The digital sales topped the Billboard Hot Digital Tracks for 17 consecutive weeks.^[32] The song's time at number one bridged two eras, ending Casey Kasem's second tenure as host of American Top 40 and beginning Ryan Seacrest's tenure as host. The song performed well in urban contemporary markets, topping the Rhythmic Top 40 chart and reaching number nine on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. It was also successful in mainstream music, topping the Top 40 Mainstream and Top 40 Tracks and reaching number 13 on the Adult Top 40. The song also crossed over to modern rock radio, and peaked at number 16 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart in December 2003. In 2004, Andre 3000 performed the song at The 2004 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards and the song won the award for Favorite Song. Later in the year, the song appeared on the compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 16. It also appeared on the album Now That's What I Call Music! Number 1's in 2006 as well as the Now That's What I Call Party Hits! album in 2007.^[33]


"Hey Ya!" was the first song on Apple's iTunes to reach one million downloads^[34] and in September 2005, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single platinum for shipping one million copies.^[35] At the 46th Grammy Awards, the song won Best Urban/Alternative Performance and was nominated for Record of the Year, but lost to Coldplay's "Clocks".^[36]


The song also performed well in Europe. In the United Kingdom, it debuted at number six on the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number three after 12 weeks, remaining on the chart for a total of 21 weeks.^[37] "Hey Ya!" topped the Norwegian singles chart for seven weeks, and it reached the top in Sweden for the first week of 2004.^[38][39] It performed well across the continent, reaching the top ten in Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, and Switzerland.^{[40][41][42][43][44][45]} "Hey Ya!" debuted at number 17 on Australia's ARIA Singles Chart, and later topped the chart for two consecutive weeks.^[46] The song remained on the chart for 16 weeks^[46] and was certified 11× platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.^[47] The song charted at number 61 for the 2003 end of year chart^[48] and was listed at number 15 on the 2004 chart^[49] and number five on the 2004 urban chart.^[50] It was also successful in New Zealand, reaching number two and staying on the RIANZ Singles Chart for 23 weeks.^[51]


The lyric "shake it like a Polaroid picture", along with the song's commercial success, helped to temporarily revitalize the Polaroid Corporation, which had declared bankruptcy in 2001. Because modern Polaroid film is sealed behind a clear plastic window, casually waving the picture has no effect on the film's development. Vigorously shaking the film may actually distort the image by causing the film to separate prematurely and creating blobs in the final image.^[52] Nevertheless, Polaroid sought to capitalize on the allusion, hiring Ryan Berger of the Euro RSCG advertising agency.^[53] Polaroid sponsored parties for OutKast at which Euro RSCG distributed Polaroid cameras.^[54] OutKast also made a deal to hold Polaroid cameras during some of its performances. While Polaroid did not release sales figures, its public image, which was in decline with the growing popularity of digital cameras, was bolstered by the song.^[55] However, despite the welcome exposure, Polaroid eventually discontinued the sale of original Polaroid cameras and film, and again declared bankruptcy in 2008.^[56]

The credits for "Hey Ya!" are adapted from the liner notes of Speakerboxx/The Love Below.^[73]


Recording


Personnel