Tianjin
Tianjin[a] is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. As such, it is not part of a province of China. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the time of the 2020 Chinese census. Its metropolitan area, which is made up of 12 central districts (other than Baodi, Jizhou, Jinghai and Ninghe), was home to 11,165,706 inhabitants and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration (between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro) and 11th-most populous city proper.[6]
"Tientsin" redirects here. For other uses, see Tientsin (disambiguation) and Tianjin (disambiguation).
Tianjin
天津Tientsin, T'ien-chin
c. 340 BC
16 districts
240 towns and townships
11,946 km2 (4,612 sq mi)
11,609.91 km2 (4,482.61 sq mi)
186 km2 (72 sq mi)
11,609.91 km2 (4,482.61 sq mi)
5,609.9 km2 (2,166.0 sq mi)
5 m (16 ft)
1,078 m (3,537 ft)
13,866,009
1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
13,866,009
1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
11,165,706
2,000/km2 (5,200/sq mi)
Tianjinese
Tianjiner
6.6%
津A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M
津E (taxis)
TJ / 津; jīn
Tiānjīn
Tientsin
Tiānjīn
Tiānjīn
ㄊㄧㄢ ㄐㄧㄣ
Tianjin
Tʻien1-chin1
Tianjin
- [tʰjɛ́n.tɕín] ⓘ
- [tʰiɛn˩˩˧ tɕin˨˩] (locally)
Thie平-tsin平
Tīnjèun or Tīnjēun
tin1 zeon1
Thian-tin
Tianjin is governed as one of the four municipalities (alongside Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing) under the direct administration of the State Council of China. The city borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic Rim, it is the largest coastal city in Northern China and part of the Jing-Jin-Ji megapolis.
In terms of urban population, Tianjin is the seventh largest city in China. In terms of administrative area population, Tianjin ranks fifth in mainland China.[7] The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404. As a treaty port since 1860, Tianjin has been a seaport and gateway to Beijing. During the Boxer Rebellion, the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government. Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region.[8] At that time, European-style buildings and mansions were constructed in concessions, some of which are preserved today. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin suffered a depression due to the policy of the central government and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake; however, it has been recovering since the 1990s.[9] Tianjin is classified as the largest type of port city, a Large-Port Megacity, due to its large urban population and port traffic volume.[10]
Tianjin is currently a dual-core city, with its main urban area (including the older part of the city) located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal; and Binhai, an adjacent New Area urban core located east of the older part of the city on the coast of the Bohai. As of the end of 2010, approximately 285 Fortune 500 companies have operated in buildings located in Binhai. Since 2010, Tianjin's Yujiapu Financial District has become known as China's Manhattan[11][12] and the city is considered to be one of the world's top 100 cities,[clarification needed] including in the Global Financial Centres Index.[13] Tianjin is ranked as a Beta (global second tier) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[14]
Tianjin is one of the 20 cities in the world with the highest scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index,[15] and is home to multiple institutes of higher education in Northern China, including Tianjin University, Nankai University, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tiangong University, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, and Hebei University of Technology.[16][17]
History[edit]
Early history[edit]
The land where Tianjin is now located was created in between 900 and 1300 CE by the sediments of rivers entering the sea at the Bohai Gulf, including the Yellow River, which entered the open sea in the area at one time. The construction of the Grand Canal under the Sui dynasty helped the future development of Tianjin, as the canal ran from Hangzhou to the Beijing and Tianjin region by 609 CE. Grain from southern China was regularly transported to the north through the canal and was used during the subsequent dynasties. Tianjin began to be increasingly mentioned in records during the Song dynasty and gained importance during the Yuan dynasty. Tianjin experienced development under the Yuan and became a location for the storage of goods and grains. Tianjin became a garrison town and shipping station during the Ming dynasty; it was a center of commerce by the 17th century.[20]
Qing dynasty[edit]
During the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Tianjin Prefecture, or Zhou (州), was established in 1725, and Tianjin County was established within the prefecture in 1731. Later, it became an urban prefecture or Fu (府), before becoming a relay station (駐地) under the command of the Viceroy of Zhili.
Sights outside the old city urban core area, but within the municipality (including Binhai/TEDA), consist of the following:
Sports teams based in Tianjin include the following:
The 1995 World Table Tennis Championships, the 2013 East Asian Games, and the 2017 National Games of China were hosted by the city. Tianjin was scheduled to be one of the host cities for the expanded FIFA Club World Cup in 2021 before its cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also scheduled to be one of the host cities for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup before China's withdrawal as the host.
Since 2014, a WTA international tennis tournament has taken place in Tianjin every year at the Tuanbo International Tennis Center.
Martial arts[edit]
For some centuries, Tianjin and Beijing had been considered centers for traditional Chinese martial arts. Formerly and currently practiced martial arts including bajiquan, piguazhang, xingyiquan, and baguazhang have been practiced in the city.[78][79][80] The martial arts that the city is known most for are Hong Qiao and Nankai. Martial artists practice in public green spaces such as Xigu Park and the Tianjin Water Park.
, Japan
Kobe
, South Korea
Incheon
, United States
Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Philadelphia
, Australia
Melbourne
, Thailand
Bangkok
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sarajevo
, Côte d'Ivoire
Abidjan
, the Netherlands (since 1985)
Groningen
, Israel
Rishon LeZion
, Turkey
İzmir
, Vietnam (since 1997)
Haiphong
Singapore
, Argentina (since 2001)
Mar del Plata
(since 2002)
